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尽管从世界经济的角度来衡量,世界贸易自由化有利于全球生产力的提高,但是传统的世界贸易理论并未关注到:贸易自由化的过程既然是一个实现世界经济布局的最优化的过程,也必然是一个淘汰非最优经济体的过程,必然对部分产业造成冲击;由于各国的产业竞争力是不断变化的,因此贸易自由化就是全球产业的一个不断竞争、优胜劣汰的过程;在这个过程中,在贸易实践中,各国都希望发挥自己的经济优势、保护本国的弱势产业;因此在国界未消失的现实世界中,贸易壁垒将持续存在下去,世界贸易的完全自由化注定难以实现。在现实中,世界贸易谈判的本质是各国围绕得失进行讨价还价的过程,因此自由贸易谈判调控着世界贸易将在何种程度上实现自由化,堪称实现世界贸易自由化的过程中的“调节器”。
Although the liberalization of world trade is beneficial to the improvement of global productivity as measured by the world economy, the traditional theory of world trade is not concerned with the fact that since the process of trade liberalization is an optimization of the layout of the world economy, It is bound to be a process of eliminating non-optimal economies and inevitably impact some industries. As the competitiveness of industries in various countries is constantly changing, trade liberalization is a process of continuous competition and survival of the fittest in the global industry. In the process In the practice of trade, all countries want to give play to their economic advantages and protect their own disadvantaged industries. Therefore, in the real world where national borders have not disappeared, trade barriers will persist and the complete liberalization of world trade is bound to be hard to come by. In reality, the nature of world trade negotiations is a process of bargaining over gains and losses for all countries. Therefore, free trade negotiations regulate the extent to which world trade will be liberalized, so that the “adjustment” in the process of world trade liberalization can be achieved Device ".