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目的研究颈部臂丛神经入路的解剖特点,探讨臂丛神经的显露方法,使其显露更加简便、安全和充分。方法取甲醛溶液固定的成人尸体标本21具,解剖观察颈筋膜浅层与颈神经浅丛的位置关系,解剖观察颈后三角颈筋膜浅、深层之间的脂肪层的结构、内容,颈筋膜深层的质地及其与臂丛神经的解剖关系。取甲醛溶液固定的成人尸体标本21具,制成颈部连续断层标本,观察不同断面颈后三角颈筋膜浅层深面蜂窝组织的边界、内容、与臂丛神经的解剖关系。结果在颈中部及其以下,颈后三角的颈筋膜浅、深两层之间的脂肪层界限清晰完整,其内无重要结构,颈筋膜深层质地致密,臂丛神经紧位于其深面。结论利用颈筋膜与臂丛神经解剖关系,可使颈部臂丛神经的显露更简便、安全。
Objective To study the anatomic characteristics of the cervical brachial plexus approach and to explore the method of exposing the brachial plexus to make it more convenient, safe and adequate. Methods Twenty-one adult cadavers were fixed in formalin solution. The anatomic distributions of superficial cervical fascia and superficial cervical nerve were dissected. The structure, contents and the neck of the fat layer between the superficial and deep cervical fascia were dissected. Deep fascia texture and its anatomic relationship with brachial plexus. Twenty-one adult cadaver specimens fixed with formaldehyde solution were made into serial cervical necks to observe the anatomy of the brachial plexus and the boundaries and contents of superficial deep cristae of the cervical transverse cervical fascia with different sections. Results In the middle of the neck and below, the fat layer between the superficial and deep layers of the cervical fascia in the posterior triangle was clear and complete. There was no significant structure in the neck. The deep fascia of the cervical fascia was dense and the brachial plexus was tight in the deep surface . Conclusion The anatomic relationship between cervical fascia and brachial plexus can make the exposure of cervical brachial plexus more simple and safe.