“三资”企业占有较大比重,这是我国五大经济特区共有的特征之一。而“三资”企业的发展,不仅要求经济特区建立起市场经济体制,而且推动了全国经济体制改革的进程。 一、“三资”企业对特区体制环境的要求 经济特区利用外商直接投资建立“三资”企业,必须有能够吸引外商的良好投资环境。为保证外商获得正常的利润,减少投资风险,除具备良好的自然条件、给予“三资”企业特殊的优惠政策待遇和可靠的法律保障外,还必须使外商能够获得以市场手段配置资源的条件。具体说来,主要是指企业内部的资源配置要通过市场途径解决,即企业所需要的原材料、机器设备、厂房地皮、资金、技术、信息、劳动力等能够在市场上及时地购买到,企业所生产的产品能够在国内或国际市场上卖掉;企业扩大生产规极时,各种追加的生产要素也能够从市场获得;企业即使因市场竞争失败而破产倒闭,也是依市场手段对企业资产进行评估以清偿债务。 简而言之,经济特区“三资”企业的生存和发展,都与市场息息相关,这对特区的经济体制建设产生着深刻的影响。 二、特区的“三资”企业是市场主体 The “three-funded” enterprises occupy a large proportion, which is one of the characteristics shared by China’s five major special economic zones. The development of “three-funded” enterprises not only requires the establishment of a market economic system in the special economic zones, but also promotes the progress of the country’s economic restructuring. I. Requirements of the “funded-funded” enterprises on the institutional environment of the special economic zone When special economic zones use foreign direct investment to establish “triple-funded” enterprises, they must have a good investment environment that can attract foreign investors. In order to ensure that foreign investors obtain normal profits and reduce investment risks, in addition to having good natural conditions, special preferential treatment policies and reliable legal protection for “three foreign-funded” enterprises, foreign companies must also be able to obtain conditions for resource allocation by means of the market. . Specifically, it mainly refers to the internal resource allocation of the enterprise to be solved through the market. That is, the raw materials, machinery and equipment, plant land, capital, technology, information, and labor needed by the company can be purchased in the market in a timely manner. The products produced can be sold in the domestic or international market; when the company expands the production scale, various additional production factors can also be obtained from the market; even if the bankruptcy fails due to the market competition, the enterprise assets are also market-based. Assessment to pay off debt. In short, the survival and development of the “three-funded” enterprises in the special economic zones are closely related to the market, which has a profound impact on the economic system construction in the special zones. 2. The “Funded-funded” enterprises in the SAR are market players