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通过对陕北黄土区六道沟流域切沟内陷穴进行调查和统计分析,探讨陷穴的发育形态、分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:陷穴主要形态类型有浅碟形、漏斗形、竖井状以及葫芦状,其断面形态接近于圆形或椭圆形,陷穴形态规模相对偏小,处于成熟期的比例达72.8%;陷穴长轴、短轴和深度之间均具有显著的正相关关系,其中长轴和短轴之间具有较好的线性关系;陷穴主要发育位置为沟道中上游及支沟沟头处,多与黄土桥和跌水相伴而生;切沟为陷穴的形成和发育提供了条件,陷穴亦可促进切沟进一步发展。上述结果完善了切沟内陷穴的发生发育特点和空间分布特征,为深入认识陷穴侵蚀机理,进一步研究陷穴侵蚀状况、陷穴与切沟发育关系以及区域水土流失治理等提供了基础。
Based on the investigation and statistical analysis of the subsidences in the ditches of the Liudaogou watershed in the loess region of northern Shaanxi, the developmental patterns, distribution characteristics and influencing factors of the pits were discussed. The results showed that the main morphological types of subsidence include shallow disk, funnel, vertical shaft and gourd. The shape of the subsidence is close to round or oval, and the size of the subsidence is relatively small, reaching 72.8% at maturity. There is a significant positive correlation between the long axis, the short axis and the depth of the trap, with a good linear relationship between the long axis and the short axis. The main development position of the trap is at the middle and upper reaches of the channel and at the ditch of the ditch, And more with the loess bridge and falling water accompanied by; Gully for the formation and development of the cave provided the conditions, depression can also promote the further development of the ditch. The above results improve the development and spatial distribution characteristics of the depression in the ditch, which provides a basis for further understanding of the mechanism of depression erosion, further studying the condition of depression erosion, the relationship between depression and ditch development, and the control of regional soil erosion.