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目的探讨小儿社区佝偻病的临床调查及病因总结。方法选取2014年2月—2016年6月在该社区进行体检的117例3岁及以下儿童的临床资料,随机分为3组,实验组儿童为母乳喂养,治疗组儿童为混合喂养,对照组儿童为人工喂养,通过调查问卷的形式分析小儿佝偻病的发病原因。结果 117例儿童中,佝偻病患儿18例,发病率为15.38%。实验组儿童发病6例,发病率为15.38%;治疗组儿童发病14例,发病率为35.90%;对照组儿童发病9例,发病率为23.08%,治疗组儿童的发病率明显高于实验组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4~6个月添加辅食儿童发病率为8.86%;1~12个月添加辅食儿童发病率为28.95%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。小儿佝偻病的发病还与孕妇年龄、孕周、维生素D添加、钙剂添加、户外活动时间、住房朝向等具有一定的关系。结论预防小儿佝偻病,必须重视母乳喂养,合理饮食,强化体弱儿童的管理,尽量让儿童多到户外活动,同时做好健康教育工作,才能有效预防佝偻病的发生。
Objective To investigate the clinical investigation and etiology of rickets in pediatric community. Methods The clinical data of 117 children aged 3 years and younger who performed physical examination in this community from February 2014 to June 2016 were randomly divided into three groups. The experimental group was breastfeeding, the treatment group was mixed feeding, and the control group Children were fed artificially, and the cause of pediatric rickets was analyzed through the questionnaire. Results Of the 117 children, 18 were children with rickets, the incidence was 15.38%. In the experimental group, the incidence of children was 6, the incidence rate was 15.38%. In the treatment group, the incidence of children was 14, the incidence rate was 35.90%. In the control group, the incidence of children was 9.08%, the incidence rate was 23.08%. The incidence of children in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the experimental group And control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of children with complementary foods from 4 to 6 months was 8.86%. The incidence of children with complementary foods from 1 to 12 months was 28.95%, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of pediatric rickets is also related to the age of pregnant women, gestational age, vitamin D supplementation, calcium supplementation, outdoor activity time, housing orientation and so on. Conclusion Prevention of pediatric rickets, we must attach importance to breastfeeding, a reasonable diet, strengthen the management of infirm children, try to make children more outdoor activities, while doing a good job in health education, can effectively prevent the occurrence of rickets.