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关于产业集群的外部经济性已有较多论述,英国经济学家马歇尔(A.Marshall)在其著作《经济学原理》中首先提出了外部经济的概念,揭示了外部经济与产业集群的密切关系。他认为由于任何一种货物的生产规模扩大而发生的经济可分为两类:第一类是有利于这一工业的一般发展的经济;第二类是有赖于从事这一工业个别企业的资源、组织和经营效率的经济。并进一步解释说,外部经济是由全社会的分工作为一个整体产生的,而不是由一个企业或部门的规模产生的。
On the external economy of industrial clusters have been more discussion, the British economist Marshall (A.Marshall) in his book “Principles of Economics” first proposed the concept of external economy, reveals the external economy and the close industrial clusters . In his opinion, the economies that occur as a result of the expansion of the production of any kind of goods can be divided into two categories: the first is the economy that is conducive to the general development of the industry; the second is the resources which depend on the individual undertaking of this industry , Economy of organization and management efficiency. And further explained that the external economy is produced by the division of labor as a whole, not by the size of a business or department.