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局部晚期直肠癌的治疗已经形成放疗、化疗联合手术切除的多学科综合治疗的模式。NCCN指南推荐的局部晚期直肠癌综合治疗的最佳顺序是新辅助短程放疗或新辅助同步放化疗后接受全直肠系膜切除手术,随后4个月的辅助化疗。新辅助治疗可以使肿瘤降期、降级,达到提高根治性切除率、减少局部复发和增加保肛率的目的。但是随着晚期治疗中更高疗效药物的出现以及对生活质量的重视,个体化治疗成为未来研究的方向。
The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer has formed a multidisciplinary integrated treatment model of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgical resection. The best course of NCCN guidelines for the optimal combination of locally advanced rectal cancer is neoadjuvant brachytherapy or neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by total mesorectal excision followed by 4 months of adjuvant chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant therapy can make the tumor down, downgrade, to improve the radical resection rate, reduce the local recurrence and increase the rate of anal sphincter purposes. However, with the advent of higher efficacy drugs in advanced treatment and the emphasis on quality of life, individualized treatment has become the direction of future research.