中国是一个统一的多民族单一制国家,在走向统一的漫长历史过程中,经过了多次的封建割据甚至分裂,但历代统治者都以统一为己任,对地方割据、分裂严加防范;中国政治文化中对统一高度认同对分立一致否定,在野或分立的领袖包括农民起义领导者也将统一作为追求的政治目标。这种“大一统”的文化和政治格局促使了中华民族的统一,但也影响中国现代民主国家的建构,悠久的中央集权历史与苍白的地方分权、地方自治经历,使近现代以来的政治领袖对集权较热衷,对分权和自治较戒备,导致地方自治受阻,地方规范性分权难实行;而对地方主义、地方保护高度警惕。中国要建立现代民主国家,必须通过民主化、法制化,通过中央地方规范性分权及地方自治的民权力量来消除地方保护。 As a unified multi-ethnic unitary state, China has undergone many feudal separatist or even divisions during the long course of moving towards reunification. However, all previous rulers relied on reunification as their own duty and prevented local separatism and separatism. China In the political culture, there is a unanimous rejection of the unification from a high degree of unity, and leaders of the opposition or separatists, including leaders of peasant uprisings, also regard reunification as the political goal pursued. The culture and political structure of this kind of “unification” promote the reunification of the Chinese nation, but it also affects the construction of China’s modern democracies, the long history of centralization and pale local decentralization and the experience of local autonomy, Of political leaders are more keen on centralization of power and more vigilant on decentralization and autonomy, which impedes local self-government and makes it more difficult for local authorities to decentralize power. On the other hand, it is highly vigilant against localism and local protection. To establish a modern and democratic country, China must eliminate its local protection through democratization and legalization and through the civil rights forces of the decentralization of the Central Government and the autonomy of local governments.