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六世班禅(图1)于乾隆四十五年(1780年)亲赴京师,为庆贺乾隆皇帝七十寿辰。班禅朝觐是清代民族关系史上的一件大事,是继五世达赖之后,西藏佛教领袖第二次入朝,正值康乾盛世的顶峰时期,清朝中央政府扶持西藏宗教。六世班禅当时是西藏地位最高的佛教领袖,他的到来对于蒙藏地区的稳定起到了重要作用。乾隆皇帝在承德接见少数民族王公贵族、政教首领本是清朝政治生活中的常例,然而这次对于六世班禅东行入觐的重视程度及接见礼仪,则是绝无仅有的。
The Sixth Panchen Lama (Figure 1) went to the capital for forty-five years (1780) to celebrate the seventieth birthday of the Emperor Qianlong. The pilgrimage to the Panchen was a major event in the history of ethnic relations in the Qing Dynasty. After the fifth Dalai Lama, Tibetan Buddhist leaders entered the DPRK for the second time. This coincided with the peak period of the reign of Kang and Qian and the Qing Dynasty. The Central Government of Qing Dynasty supported Tibetan religions. The sixth Panchen Lama was the highest Buddhist leader in Tibet at that time and his arrival played an important role in the stability of the Mongolian-Tibetan region. The Emperor Qianlong met with the aristocrats of ethnic minorities in Chengde and the leaders of the political and religious groups were the usual examples in the political life of the Qing Dynasty. This time, however, it was unique to the importance attached to the pilgrimage to the 6th Panchen Lama on the eastbound pilgrimage.