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俄国19世纪前半期文学中所描写的一组贵族青年形象我们把他称之为“多余人”。这一典型形象是当时俄国处于西方文化与传统的俄罗斯文化相互冲突之下的产物。他们所体现出来的特征就是对现实社会极度的不满,却又不能挺身反抗社会,想干一番事业,却又优柔寡断,好高骛远,想得多,做得少,计划的多,执行的少,最终一事无成,成了于整个社会多余的人,无用的人。本文通过对多余人的觉醒、抗衡、升华到蜕变的整个过程的梳理,分析了多余人所体现的时代性,从民族特色和民族文化方面诠释了多余人所体现的民族性。
We call him a “superfluous person” in a group of aristocratic youth depicted in the literature of Russia in the first half of the 19th century. This typical image was the result of Russia’s time under the confrontation between Western culture and traditional Russian culture. They are characterized by extreme dissatisfaction with the real society, but they can not stand up against the society and want to do something, but they are indecisive, ambitious, think much, do less, plan more and execute less, and ultimately Without success, it has become a redundant person and a useless person in the whole society. By combing the whole process of the awakening, contestation and sublimation of the excess people, this article analyzes the times represented by the redundant people and interprets the nationality embodied by the redundant people from the national characteristics and ethnic cultures.