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采用事件相关电位(ERPs)技术探讨了类似于Delayed-Matching-to-Sample任务范式下12~13岁儿童的工作记忆神经机制.实验结果显示,无论熟悉客体还是新客体,工作记忆的ERPs均显示了潜伏期350ms左右的一个晚正成分,新客体的潜伏期比熟悉客体有所提前;相比熟悉客体,新客体的工作记忆在ERPs波形上表现出更正走向,这种大脑活动主要发生在额区-中央区.在分别追踪新靶和熟悉靶的工作记忆任务条件下,靶与分心物的ERPs波形在150ms后出现分离,且靶刺激均比分心物更正;新分心物、熟悉分心物显示出150~350ms的额区新/旧效应以及350~550ms的顶区新/旧效应;靶的新/旧效应不同于分心物新/旧效应,新靶更正,且主要发生在250ms之后;与熟悉靶相比,新靶出现P3a成分.本研究结果揭示了儿童工作记忆神经机制的时空特征,且某些特征不同于成人.
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to explore the working memory neural mechanism of children aged 12 ~ 13 years similar to the Delayed-Matching-to-Sample task paradigm.The experimental results show that the ERPs of working memory, both familiar and new, A late-positive component with a latency of about 350 ms showed that the incubation period of new objects was earlier than that of familiar objects. Compared with familiar objects, the working memory of new objects showed a more positive trend on the ERPs waveform. This kind of brain activity mainly occurred in frontal area- Central area.The ERPs of target and distractor were separated after 150ms under working memory task of tracking new target and familiar target, respectively, and the target stimulus was more correct than that of distractor.New distractor was familiar with distractor Showing 150-350 ms foreboding new / old effects and 350-550 ms top / new / old effects. The target new / old effect is different from the new / old effect of distractor, the new target is corrected and mainly occurs after 250ms ; The P3a component of the new target appears compared to the familiar target.The results of this study reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics of the neural mechanism of working memory in children and some of the characteristics differ from those of adults.