教学是一种由教师的教授活动和学生的学习活动构成的双边活动过程。现代教学论思想的一个显著特点就是:确认教师在教学过程中的主导作用的同时,更加强调学生的主体作用。因为学生是教学活动中认识和实践的主体,是有意识、有目的地认识客体的承担者;一切教学影响,只有通过学生自身的活动才能为其接受,教学的成败在很大程度上 Teaching is a process of bilateral activities consisting of teacher’s teaching activities and student learning activities. A notable feature of the modern teaching theory is that it confirms that the teacher plays a leading role in the teaching process and at the same time emphasizes the main role of the student. Because students are the main body of cognition and practice in teaching activities, they are the undertakers who consciously and purposefully know the objects. All the teaching effects can only be accepted by the students’ own activities. The teaching success or failure is to a large extent