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[目的]调查研究宜昌市区近30年恶性肿瘤流行特征及变化趋势 ,为制定恶性肿瘤防治干预措施及公共卫生规划提供依据。[方法]按照国际疾病分类法 (ICD 9)编码处理 ,标化死亡率采用1990年第四次人口普查的中国人口构成 ,寿命表采用蒋氏法编制。[结果]宜昌市区1971年～2000年恶性肿瘤死亡率为84.78/10万 ,标化死亡率为79.18/10万 ,男、女性平均PYLL分别为12.19和11.86,期望寿命减少年数分别为2.44和1.62。30年间 ,恶性肿瘤死亡率居全死因位次 ,由20世纪70年代初期 (1971年～1974年 )的第三位跃居至90年代末期 (1997年～2000年 )的首位。恶性肿瘤死亡率由78.39/10万上升到89.40/10万 ,而标化死亡率由76.11/10万下降到71.49/10万。癌谱结构变化显著 ,男、女死亡率均以肺癌上升速度最快 (男性 χ2 =71.91,P<0.01;女性 χ2 =14.92,P<0.01) ;男性以食管癌下降最为明显 (χ2=43.77,P<0.01) ,而女性则以宫颈癌下降幅度最大 (χ2=107.14,P<0.01)。[结论]恶性肿瘤是严重危害宜昌市区居民健康的主要因素 ,20世纪90年代末期居全死因位次的第一位 ,癌谱结构中以肺癌、肝癌的危害性最大 ,应尽快制定其防治干预措施
[Objective] To investigate the epidemiological features and trends of malignant tumors in Yichang City in recent 30 years and provide the basis for the development of interventional measures and public health planning for malignant tumors. [Method] According to the code of International Classification of Diseases (ICD 9), the standardized mortality rate was calculated using the population of China in the fourth census in 1990, and the life table was prepared by the method of Chiang. [Results] The mortality rate of malignant tumor in Yichang City from 1971 to 2000 was 84.78 / 100000 with the standardized mortality of 79.18 / 100000. The average PYLL of male and female was 12.19 and 11.86, respectively, and the number of years of expected life expectancy was 2.44 and In 2002, the death rate of malignant tumors was the highest among all cause of death, ranking third in the early 1970s (from 1971 to 1974) and the highest in the late 1990s (from 1997 to 2000). The death rate of malignant tumors increased from 78.39 / 100,000 to 89.40 / 100,000, while the standardized death rate dropped from 76.11 / 100,000 to 71.49 / 100,000. The structure of cancer spectrum changed significantly, and the death rate of both men and women was the fastest in lung cancer (χ2 = 71.91, P <0.01; χ2 = 14.92, P <0.01) P <0.01), while women had the largest decrease in cervical cancer (χ2 = 107.14, P <0.01). [Conclusion] Malignant tumor is the main factor which seriously threatens the health of residents in Yichang City. In the late 1990s, the number of all-cause causes was the highest. Malignant tumors were the most harmful to lung cancer and liver cancer and should be formulated as soon as possible Interventions