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清代的思想史、文学史、学术史上的大师基本上都是民间的，前期的大师往往都是明朝的遗民，不是实际上的贵族就是精神贵族，中后期的大师则多是末落贵族。这里的民间，不是社区概念，而是个文化概念，是指非官方、非主流的，从而有独立性（创造性）的，对官方主流意识形态持批判立场的言述与创作，如妇孺皆知的《红楼梦》、与《红楼梦》差不多伟大但是不像《红楼梦》那么享有盛名的《儒林外史》，后期的四大谴责小说、近代史上第一办报的人，等等。尽管二分法有各种问题，但上述二分法是毫无问题的。因为满族椎行的文化在“民间”没有与汉文化传统切实地交融起来，文化是不以统治阶级的意志为转移的，文化有被权力宰制的一面，也有超越权力独立发展的一面，可以宰制的变成了官方文化（理学、官学），超然的人文是可以而且自古以来就是在民间养育、薪尽火传的——自古传法，气如悬丝：佛教的灯传、白莲教的点传、儒学的真道统，都是以精神相传，而非权势的树立或依附权势的。
The masters of the history of thought, literature and history of the Qing Dynasty are basically all folk. The masters of the early stage are often the bereaved people of the Ming Dynasty. Not the aristocrats are the spiritual aristocrats in the Qing Dynasty, but the masters in the latter part are mostly the aristocrats . The folk here is not a concept of community but a concept of culture. It refers to an unofficial, non-mainstream and thus independent (creative) statement and creation of a critical position on official mainstream ideology, as is well known to women and children The “Dream of Red Mansions”, which is similar to the “Dream of Red Mansions” but is not as famous as the “Dream of Red Mansions”, “the Scholars”, the four later condemnation fictions, the first newspaper in modern history, and so on. Although dichotomy has various problems, the dichotomy is without any problem. Because the Manchu vertebral culture did not actually blend with the Han cultural tradition in the “folk” culture, the culture was not transferred from the will of the ruling class. Culture had the power to control the side of the government, and there was a side that transcends the independent development of power. The slaughtered became the official culture (Neo-Confucianism, official learning), transcendental humanities can be and since ancient times is nourishing the public, paid up to date - the ancient method of transmission, such as gas hanging wire: the light of Buddhism, White Lotus The preaching of Confucianism, Taoism, are based on the spirit of the world, rather than the establishment or attachment of power.