康复治疗学专业已成为我国高等学校竞相开设的热门专业。目前国内备案开设康复治疗学专业的本科院校已有160所，其中公办高校与民办高校（包含独立学院）分别占73.75%和26.25%。院校类别主要集中在西医类院校（占40.6%）、中医类院校（占18.1%）和综合类院校（占31.3%），东西部区域分布存在不均衡现象。随着备案院校数目不断增长，学科培养模式差异、院校类型构成差异、教学质量差异、专业/行业标准差异和康复教育资源分布差异等问题日渐凸显。通过厘定康复治疗学概念内涵及外延、建立具有中国特色的康复治疗学学科专业培养模式、明确高等院校专业培养目标、加强高等院校师资队伍建设、制定康复治疗学专业标准、改善康复教育资源分布不均，将更有利于促进我国高等学校康复治疗学专业本科教育的良性发展。“,”Rehabilitation therapeutics has become a popular specialty in colleges and universities in China. At present, 160 colleges and universities have set up rehabilitation therapeutics specialty, of which 73.75% are public colleges and 26.25% are private colleges (including independent colleges). The types of those colleges and universities are mainly concentrated on western medicine colleges (40.6%), traditional Chinese medicine colleges (18.1%) and comprehensive colleges (31.3%), with an imbalance in regional distribution between the east and west of China. Some problems are becoming prominent with the increase of the number of these colleges and universities, such as differences in discipline cultivation modes, compositions of colleges and universities, teaching quality, profession/industrial standards and distribution of rehabilitation education resources. In order to promote the healthy development of undergraduate education of rehabilitation therapeutics in colleges and universities in China, we should define the connotation and extension of rehabilitation therapeutics, establish the professional training mode of rehabilitation therapeutics with Chinese characteristics, classify the professional training objectives, strengthen the construction of teachers, formulate professional standards of rehabilitation therapeutics, and improve the uneven distribution of rehabilitation education resources.