Unit 15 The necklace学习指导

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  一、 词语例解
  1. recognize vt. 认出;辨认
  He has changed so much that I can hardly recognize him.他变化了这么大,我几乎认不出他来了。
  I recognized her voice over the phone. 我在电话里听出是她的声音。
  vt. 承认;认可;公认。后接名词或从句,亦可接“宾语 + to be ...”或“宾语 + as ...”结构。例如:
  He refused to recognize defeat. 他拒绝承认失败。
  He didn’t recognize that he had made a big mistake. 他不承认自己犯下了大错。
  He is recognized to be one of the greatest poets in the 20th century. 他被公认为20世纪最伟大的诗人之一。
  【辨析】 know表示“认识某人”(know sb.)或“知道某事”(know sth.)是状态性动词;recognize 指瞬间性的动作,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如:
  Jeanne had known Mathilde very well, but she couldn’t recognize her when they met again.让娜原先和玛蒂尔德很熟悉。但当她们重逢时,让娜却认不出她了。
  【搭配】 be recognized as ...被认为是……;recognize sth. / sb. as ... 把某物/某人看作。例如:
  He wasn’t recognized as a great writer until after his death.直到他死后才被认为是位伟大的作家。
  We recognize him as a great leader.我们认为他是位伟大的领袖。
  2. jewellery (=jewelry)
  n. 珠宝;首饰。不可数名词,一件一件可数的“珠宝”是jewel。例如:
  This diamond necklace is my most valuable piece of jewellery.这串钻石项链是我最珍贵的首饰了。
  She locked her jewels (= jewellery) in the safe.她将珠宝锁进保险柜。
  3. continue vt. 继续;持续
  Their talk continued till late at night. 他们的谈话一直持续到深夜。
  We continued our journey,hoping to see him soon. 我们继续我们的行程,希望很快见到他。
  continue后可接动词不定式或动名词作宾语,意思基本一样。
  He continued working / to work as if nothing had happened. 他继续工作,仿佛什么都没发生。
  He continued to write / writing when I spoke to him.他和我说话的时候他还继续写着。
  vi.继续;延缓
  The road continues in a straight line for 5 miles. 这条路直着向前延伸了5英里。
  After a short break the play continued. 短暂休息后演出又继续开演了。
  有时与with连用。例如:
  But he did not continue with his explanation.但他没有继续解释下去。
  continue还可作联系动词,意为“处于某种状态”,后接形容词。例如:
  The weather continues to be cold and wet. 天气仍然又冷又湿。
  I continued angry with Jack. 我仍生杰克的气。
   若接副词或介词短语则意为“继续以某种方式活动”。例如:
  The train continued north. 火车继续向北开。
  Bush will continue in office for another two years. 布什还任职两年。
  【拓展】 有时在一篇文章的最后有“to be continued”的字样,意思是“待续”。
  4. quality n. (1) 品质;质量
  The price depends on the quality. 价格因质量而异。
  For study, quality is more important than quantity.就学习而言,质要比量重要。
  Kindness is a human quality which everyone admires. 仁慈是谁都称赞的人类品质。
  (2) 特质;特性;才能;优点。例如:
  He has many fine qualities. 他有很多优点。
  quality of leadership 领导才能
  adj. 优良的;优质的;高级的
  These shoes are made of quality leather.这些鞋是用高级皮革制成的。
  
  二、 短语精析
  1. call on拜访;访问;号召;要求
  Last night I called on Mr. Black and had a long talk with him. 昨晚我拜访了布莱克先生,并同他进行了长时间的交谈。
  I had planned to call on Mr. Smith, but I was too busy.我本打算去拜访史密斯先生,但我实在太忙了。
  He called on me to speak immediately after him. 他要求我在他讲话后立即发言。
  【辨析】 call at意为“pay a short visit to some places or sb.’s house 访问(某处);停靠(某地)”。例如:
  He always calls at our house before he got married. 他结婚前经常到我们家来坐坐。
  The ship will call at Wuhan.这船将靠武汉。
  【拓展】
  call back召回;收回;回电话
  call for 要求;需要;提倡;为争取……而呼吁
  call in 召来;约请;来访
  call off 叫走;支开;放弃;取消
  call up打电话给;使回忆起;征召服役
  2. bring back 带回来;使回忆起;使恢复
  Please bring back my notebook from the classroom. 请帮我把笔记本从教室里带回来。
  His story brought back our happy childhood together. 他讲的故事使我们想起在一起时的幸福的童年。
  This new medicine brought me back to health quickly.这种新药使我很快恢复了健康。
  【拓展】
  bring down使……下降;使泄气;击落;
  bring up教育;抚养(儿童);提出(议题,计划);打断
  bring in 引进;挣得
  bring ... to an end结束
  bring ... to life使…… 苏醒
  bring ... to light发现;将…… 公之于世
  3. day and night夜以继日地;日夜
  He coughed day and night.他日夜不停地咳嗽。
  The soldiers marched day and nitght without stopping. 士兵们日夜不停地行军。
  4. pay off还清(债务等);付清
  He paid off all the debts on time. 他按时把债还清了。
  【拓展】 pay back偿还;还钱给某人
  pay for 付……款
  We must pay the money back to you tomorrow.我们明天一定还你钱。
  He paid 10 yuan for the pen. 他买这支笔花了 10 元钱。
  5. at most至多
  He is at most forty.他最多不过四十岁。
  I can pay only fifty yuan for this shirt at most. 买这件衬衫我最多只能付50元。
  【拓展】 at least 至少;无论如何
  He smoked at least half a packet of cigarettes a day. 他每天至少抽半包烟。
  
  三、 句式点睛
  1. ... but I don’t think I know you. 但是,我想我不认识你。
  But I don’t think we can go. 但是,我想我们不能去。
  注意: 这两句话的英语表达方式与汉语不同。汉语主句中的动词“想”用肯定式,而宾语从句中的动词用否定式。英语则相反。一般来说,在英语中,假如主句动词是 think, suppose, believe, fancy, expect, imagine, reckon, feel等表示信念、揣测、愿望之类的动词,后接从句要表达否定,其否定形式应该前移到主句中。例如:
  I don’t think you are right. 我认为你不对。
  I don’t suppose I shall be back until 8 o’clock. 我想八点以前我回不来。
  I don’t think he will come. 我认为他不会来。
  要特别注意的是,这种否定转移的句子,如果有附带疑问句,要针对宾语从句发问,而且要把宾语从句视为否定句,如最后一句要加附带疑问句,要说成I don’t think he will come, will he?
  【体味高考】
  1. —Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?
  —_______.(NMET1994)
  A. I don’t believe B. I don’t believe it
  C. I believe not so D. I believe not
  【解析】 此题考查的是表达个人看法时的日常交际用语,肯定回答为: I believe so.否定回答有两种: I believe not. 或 I don’t believe so. 答案为 D。
  2. —The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?
  —_______ . (NMET 2003北京春招)
  A. I guess not so B. I don’t guess
  C. I don’t guess so D. I guess not
  【解析】 guess, hope, be afraid 的否定答语只有一种形式,即: I guess / hope / am afraid not. 而不能说: I don’t guess / hope so. 也就是说这几个词不能否定转移。故答案为D。
  2. Pierre and I did have a very good time at the ball.我和皮埃尔在舞会上的确玩得很痛快。
  (1) 注意本句中的“Pierre and I”, 一般不说“I and Pierre”。英语中习惯把别人放在前面,而把自己放在后面,以示谦逊,如 he and I, my brother and I, Mr. White and I,而汉语通常说“我和他”、“我和弟弟”、“我和怀特先生”。例如:
  Mr. White and I were invited to the ball.我和怀特先生应邀参加了舞会。
  My elder brother and I worked day and night to keep the family. 我和哥哥为了养家糊口而日夜操劳。
  但在承认错误的时候,英语往往是把 I 放在其他人的前面,以示勇于认错。例如:
  I and Mr. White are to blame. 我和怀特先生都应当负责。
  I and my brother made the mistake. 我和兄弟犯了这个错误。
  (2) Pierre and I did have a good time ... 中的 did 是助动词,用在肯定句中,起强调作用,带有感情色彩,可译成“真的”、“的确”等。其后的动词要用原形。又如:
  You do look nice today. 你今天看来真是漂亮。
  He does speak well. 他的确能言善道。
  We did need help those days. 在那些日子里我们的确需要帮助。
  【体味高考】
  An awful accident_______ , however, occur the other day. (NMET 2002 北京春招)
  A. do B. did C. has to D. had to
  【解析】答案是B。do为助动词,意为“的确,真的”。它常用在肯定句和祈使句中,起加强语气的作用,有人称与时态的变化。
  3. That’s why I now look so old.那就是为什么我现在看起来这么老的原因。
  由疑问词 why 引导的名词从句在句中作表语。意为“为什么”、“……的原因”。其他疑问词如 what, when, where 等也可以引导名词从句,在句中作表语。例如:
  That’s why he was punished. 那就是他为什么受到惩罚的原因。
  That’s what he wants to know. 那就他所想要知道的事情。
  That’s where we are different from others. 那就是我们不同于别人的地方。
  【体味高考】
  1. What the doctors really doubt is_______my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.(NMET 2001上海)
  A.when B. how C. whether D. why
  【解析】 答案为C。这是一个表语从句。根据doubt一词用法可知,所怀疑的应是是否能治好病,所以要填whether。这句话的意思是:医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。
  2. Perseverance is a kind of quality—and that’s_______it takes to do anything well.
  (NMET 2002上海)
  A. what B. thatC. whichD. why
  【解析】 答案为A。what 在表语从句中作takes 的宾语,构成“It takes sth. to do sth.”的句型。
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