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目的研究缺氧环境下氰化物的毒性和4-DMAP的解毒效果,提高急进高原氰化物中毒患者的救治水平。方法利用低压氧舱(4500m海拔)复制急性缺氧动物模型,测定氰化钠对缺氧小鼠的LD50以及4-DMAP对缺氧中毒小鼠的救治使用剂量。结果对于急性缺氧动物,氰化钠的LD50由常氧对照组的7.71mg/kg下降为5.22mg/kg;4-DMAP对缺氧中毒小鼠的最适抗氰剂量为15mg/kg,相当于常氧环境下最适抗氰剂量(25mg/kg)的60%,给缺氧中毒小鼠施以常氧环境下4-DMAP的最适抗氰剂量,小鼠存活率仅为30%~40%,而死亡小鼠多表现严重缺氧等病理变化。结论缺氧提高氰化物毒力,增强4-DMAP生成高铁血红蛋白能力。
Objective To study the toxicity of cyanide and the detoxification effect of 4-DMAP in hypoxia environment and to improve the treatment of acute cyanide intoxication patients. Methods Acute hypoxia model was established by hypobaric chamber (4500m above sea level). The LD50 of sodium cyanide in hypoxic mice and the dose of 4-DMAP in hypoxia-poisoned mice were determined. Results For acute hypoxia animals, the LD50 of sodium cyanide decreased from 7.71 mg / kg in normoxic control group to 5.22 mg / kg. The optimum dose of 4-DMAP for hypoxic mice was 15 mg / kg, In the normoxic environment, the optimum amount of anti-cyanide dose (25mg / kg) of 60%, given hypoxia poisoning mice under the normoxic environment 4-DMAP the most appropriate anti-cyanide dose, the survival rate of mice was only 30% 40%, while the death of mice and more serious hypoxia and other pathological changes. Conclusion Hypoxia increases the toxicity of cyanide and enhances the ability of 4-DMAP to produce methemoglobin.