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考察18世纪末兴起的历史主义与历史唯物主义的关系,是当前学界理解历史唯物主义的重要研究路径。但是,当学界以“历史主义”作为解释历史唯物主义的原则时,出现了“两种历史主义”的解释以及由此导致的两方面的理论困难。一方面,是以强调历史的过程性研究,特别强调事物与事物之间、人与人之间的差异性的历史主义解释,这种解释将使历史唯物主义滑向相对主义和虚无主义;另一方面,是以强调历史的规律性和历史的可预见性的历史主义解释,这种解释将使历史唯物主义走向历史决定论。因此,要想走出这一解释路径的理论困境,就必须还原历史主义的原像,指明“两种历史主义”的解释与历史唯物主义所坚持的“历史必然性观念”的内在冲突,以此来推进历史唯物主义的研究。
Investigating the relationship between historicism and historical materialism that emerged in the late 18th century is an important research path for the current academic community to understand historical materialism. However, when the academic circles used “Historicism ” as the principle to explain historical materialism, the explanation of “two kinds of historicism ” and the resulting theoretical difficulties in two aspects emerged. On the one hand, it is based on the historical process emphasizing the history, with a particular emphasis on the historicist interpretation of the differences between things and things and between people. This interpretation will lead the historical materialism to relativism and nihilism. On the one hand, it is based on historical explanation that emphasizes the regularity of history and the predictability of history, and this interpretation will lead historical materialism to historical determinism. Therefore, in order to get out of the theoretical predicament of this path of explanation, we must restore the original image of historicism and point out the inherent conflict between the interpretation of “two kinds of historicism ” and the “historical necessity ” insisted by historical materialism , In order to promote the study of historical materialism.