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中国的“撤县设区”行政管理改革由于政策权力被上收同时弱化了发展经济的激励,因此能够足够外生地作为一项识别县域企业获得政府政策偏袒减少的外生冲击。基于这一自然实验,我们使用1999~2009年中国工业企业数据库中持续经营的企业平衡面板数据,检验了政策偏袒对企业出口的影响。研究结果表明:撤县设区改革之后,辖区内企业的出口绩效相对于其他企业显著变差。影响机制上,撤县设区改革导致县域政府财政支出重心转向非经济性事务,进而降低了辖区企业获得的财政补贴、税收优惠等政策收益,最终恶化了企业的出口绩效。文章的政策含义在于:政府支持对于提高中国产品海外竞争力及扩大市场份额存在积极作用,而政策设计如何兼顾公平、营造平等政策环境同样值得关注。中国撤县设区改革一定程度上发挥了打破市场行政分割和政策保护壁垒、促进了统一性公平政策形成的作用。
In China, the administrative reform of “withdrawing counties and setting up districts” has been exaggerated as a result of policy power being absorbed and economic incentives being weakened, and thus can be used exogenously as an exogenous shock in recognizing that county-level enterprises are biased in favor of government policies. Based on this natural experiment, we test the impact of policy favoritism on the export of enterprises using the data of the firm’s balance panel on a going concern in China’s industrial enterprises database from 1999 to 2009. The results show that: After the demolition of districts and counties in the reform, the export performance of enterprises in the area is significantly worse than that of other enterprises. In terms of the impact mechanism, the reform of demolishing districts and districts in the withdrawal of counties led to the shifting of the focus of fiscal expenditure of county governments to non-economic matters, which in turn reduced the policy benefits such as financial subsidies and tax incentives enjoyed by enterprises under their jurisdiction and ultimately exacerbated the export performance of enterprises. The article’s policy implication is that government support plays a positive role in enhancing the overseas competitiveness of Chinese products and expanding market share. It is equally worth noting how policy design balances equity and creates an equal policy environment. To some extent, the reform of demobilized areas in China’s withdrawal county has played a role in breaking the barriers of market administrative division and protection of policies and promoting the formation of a unified and fair policy.