改革开放以来,农民的生活水平大大提高,客观的生活幸福指数明显提升,但是主观的幸福感不强。主客观之间的差异来自于小农面临的经济压力增强,即生活消费的扩张与满足需要能力有限的矛盾,形成这一矛盾的重要背景是农民的生活日益社会化。小农的生活社会化存在着两个层面的社会后果:一方面,小农所获取的生活资料更加丰富,生活手段更加多元,从而极大地提高了生活质量,扩展了生活空间,提升了适应现代社会的能力;另一方面,社会化与小农的共存导致了农民的经济压力和生活压力极大地增强,从而进入一个更不确定、风险更大的社会,这对经济发展、社会秩序、政治稳定构成很大挑战和冲击。为此,国家在政治实践层面高度关注、重视、保障并改善民生,并将民生问题提升到有关经济发展、政治稳定与社会和谐的高度,上升为现代化进程中有关稳定与发展的政治问题。 Since the reform and opening up, the standard of living of peasants has been greatly improved, and the objective index of living happiness has risen significantly, but the subjective sense of well-being has not been strong. The difference between the subjective and the objective comes from the fact that the economic pressure facing smallholders is increasing, that is, the contradiction between the expansion of living consumption and the capacity needed to meet them. An important background to the formation of this contradiction is the increasingly socialization of peasants’ lives. Socialization of small-scale peasants’ existence has two levels of social consequences: on the one hand, small-scale peasants have acquired a greater variety of means of subsistence and more diversified means of living, thus greatly improving their quality of life, expanding their living space and upgrading their adaptability to modern society On the other hand, the co-existence of socialization and small-scale peasants has led to a great increase in the economic pressure and life pressure on peasants, thereby entering a society that is more uncertain and at risk. This constitutes a very serious problem for economic development, social order and political stability Big challenge and impact. To this end, the state attaches great importance to, attaches importance to, ensures and improves people’s livelihood at the political practice level, and elevates the people’s livelihood issue to the height of economic development, political stability and social harmony and to the political issue of stability and development in the process of modernization.