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美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的宇航员培训课程不仅包括教授宇航员执行关键任务的能力,例如使用飞船的技术设备、驾驶飞船返回地球大气层、驾驶航天飞机或返回舱着陆等,还包括一些基本的生存技能训练。由于宇航员要进入的太空环境与地球上的基本物理环境完全不同,这些培训课程主要是基于曾进入太空的宇航员的经验研究开设的。Jack James曾在NASA约翰逊航天中心从事了约15年的宇航员培训工作,现就职于NASA约翰逊航天中心技术转移工作室。他举例说:
NASA’s astronaut training course includes not only teaching astronauts to perform mission-critical capabilities such as the use of spacecraft technology and equipment, the return of the spacecraft to the Earth’s atmosphere, the space shuttle or the capsule landing, but also some basic Survival skills training. Because the space environment that astronauts will enter is completely different from the basic physical environment on Earth, these training courses are based primarily on the empirical research of astronauts who have entered space. Jack James has spent approximately 15 years astronaut training at the NASA Johnson Space Center and is currently with the NASA Johnson Space Technology Center for Technology Transfer. For example, he said: