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在许多藏缅语族语言中,动词后有表示多种语法意义的语法成分叠加。这一类的语法成分尚无一个统一的语法术语进行涵盖。本文借用戴庆厦(1991)的称谓,将其称作“句尾词”。碧约哈尼语是哈尼语碧卡支系方言的一种土语(下文简称“碧约话”)。有关碧约话句尾词的研究,前人还未有涉及。本文拟以实地调查语料为依据,证明碧约话中存在一类特殊的虚词,并通过进一步分析得出以下结论:碧约话的句尾词数量较少且不具有系统性,其主要来源于动词,是动词虚化的产物;句尾词具有多功能性,一个句尾词往往能体现两种或两种以上的语法意义。从语言的使用情况和碧约话自身的演变来看,碧约话的句尾词可能已经经历了一个由丰富到简化的过程,并且这种简化的趋势还将继续。
In many Tibetan-Burmese languages, there is a superposition of the grammatical components after the verb that indicate multiple grammatical meanings. This type of grammatical composition is still not covered by a single grammatical term. This article borrows the title of Dai Qing (1991), which is called “end of the word ”. Biyori Hani is a Turkish language for the Hani Pika dialect (hereinafter referred to as “Bi-jo”). The research on Biyou sentence tail words, the predecessors have not yet involved. This article is based on the field survey corpus, which proves that there is a kind of special function words in Biyou dialect. Through further analysis, we can draw the following conclusions: Biyou dialect has a small number of sentence suffixes and is not systematic, The verb is the product of the verbalization of the verb. The end of the sentence is versatile. A sentence of the end can often reflect two or more grammatical meanings. Judging from the use of language and the evolution of Biotech itself, the terminology of Biotecan may have undergone a rich to simplified process and this simplistic trend will continue.