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叶面积指数(LAI)和叶倾角分布(LAD)是决定植被冠层结构的重要参数。在计算机模拟植被冠层,两个参数是植被三维真实结构生成的重要控制因子。本论文中,结合计算机图像学理论,基于实验的地面实测结构参数数据利用可改写的扩展L-system方法生成草以及白杨树的真实三维场景。RGM(A radiosity-graphics combined model)模型是基于辐射度方法的计算机模拟模型,利用此模型来计算生成的三维场景可见光及近红外波段的冠层辐射特性,如冠层波谱以及方向反射特性等。在本研究中,模拟了两种不同下垫面的白杨林地:(1)下垫面只有土壤的白杨树场景;(2)下垫面包括土壤和草的白杨树。在特定的场景组分光学特性下,模拟得到两种情况的主平面冠层BRF(bi-di-rectional reflectance factor),并对两者的差异进行了分析。可以看出,下垫面对冠层BRF的影响不可忽视。但是,由于白杨林地结构的复杂,大尺度的场景中必须由成千上万个面元组成,因此辐射度方法不能模拟大尺度的真实结构场景。为了拓展辐射度方法应用范围,根据白杨树树冠的特点,将其抽象为椭球体,从而减少场景组成面元个数,满足了辐射度方法的要求。并结合几何光学模型的思想,在对椭球体面元赋值加入了间隙率;并考虑了整个树冠的承照面以及阴影面的差异,模拟大尺度林地冠层BRF,且与GOMS模型结果符合的很好。通过以上研究,可以看出计算机模拟为遥感研究获取多角度数据信息提供了一种很好的手段。
Leaf area index (LAI) and leaf inclination distribution (LAD) are important parameters that determine vegetation canopy structure. In the computer simulation of vegetation canopy, two parameters are important control factors for the formation of three-dimensional vegetation real structure. In this dissertation, based on the computer image theory, based on the experimentally measured data of the ground structure, a realizable three-dimensional scene of grass and poplar is generated by a rewritable extended L-system method. The RGM (A radiosity-graphics combined model) is a computer simulation model based on the radiance method, which is used to calculate the canopy radiation characteristics in the visible and near-infrared bands of the generated three-dimensional scene, such as the canopy spectrum and directional reflection characteristics. In this study, two types of poplar forests with different underlying surfaces were modeled: (1) poplar trees with only underlying soil surfaces; and (2) poplar trees with underlying soils and grass. Under certain conditions, the BRF (bi-di-rectional reflectance factor) was simulated and the difference between them was analyzed. It can be seen that the impact of underlying surface on the canopy BRF can not be ignored. However, due to the complex structure of poplar woodlands, large-scale scenes must consist of tens of thousands of bins, so the radiance method can not simulate large-scale real-world structures. In order to expand the scope of application of radiometric method, according to the characteristics of poplar canopy, it is abstracted as ellipsoid, thus reducing the number of scene elements and meeting the requirements of radiometric method. And combined with the idea of geometrical optics model, the void fraction was added into the ellipsoid binarization. Taking into account the difference of bearing surface and shadow surface of the whole canopy, the BRF of large-scale forest canopy was simulated, and the result was in good agreement with the GOMS model it is good. Through the above research, we can see that computer simulation provides a good method for remote sensing research to obtain multi-angle data information.