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本文研究了城市劳动参与率对企业出口贸易的影响。基于城市人口结构信息与微观企业信息的匹配,实证研究表明:(1)城市劳动参与率的提高促进了企业出口量的扩张;(2)城市劳动参与率对企业出口量的促进作用主要通过加工贸易来实现;(3)对于不同的企业,城市劳动参与率的影响作用会有所差异,资本密集型企业、本土企业以及生产率较低的企业,其出口会受到城市劳动参与率更强的促进作用。本文从理论和实证两个层面分别刻画和验证了人口结构对出口贸易影响的微观作用机制。本文的研究结论意味着需要重视人口结构转型对我国出口贸易可能产生的不利冲击。推进供给侧结构性改革,降低企业的税费负担,助推工人技能水平的不断提升,最大限度地激活劳动力市场,是当前人口结构转型背景下应对我国出口面临的种种困难的必要举措。
This paper studies the impact of urban labor participation rate on the export business. Based on the matching of urban population structure information and micro-enterprise information, empirical studies show that: (1) The increase of urban labor participation rate promotes the expansion of export volume of enterprises; (2) The promotion effect of urban labor participation rate on enterprises’ export volume is mainly through the processing Trade; (3) For different enterprises, the impact of urban labor force participation rate will be different. Capital-intensive enterprises, local enterprises and enterprises with lower productivity will be more strongly promoted by their labor market participation rate effect. This paper depicts and verifies the micro-mechanism of the effect of population structure on export trade respectively from the theoretical and empirical levels. The conclusion of this paper means that we should pay attention to the unfavorable impact that the transformation of population structure may have on the export trade of our country. Promoting supply-side structural reforms, reducing the tax burden on enterprises, boosting the workers’ skill level and maximizing the activation of the labor market are necessary measures to cope with the difficulties faced by China’s export in the current context of population restructuring.