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近年来,小麦孢囊线虫(cereal cyst nematodes,CCN:主要病原为燕麦孢囊线虫Heterodera avenae)对小麦(Triticum aestivum)的危害日益严重,亟待探索新的生防途径。丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)作为环境功能生物,对寄主植物具有生物药肥双重作用,不仅能促进植物吸收利用养分,而且能拮抗土传病原物、提高植物抗病性。本研究以AMF与CCN相互作用为切入点,试图明确AMF与CCN相互作用关系,并科学评价不同AMF抑制CCN、降低病害的效应。试验于温室盆栽条件下进行,设接种AMF Gigaspora margarita(Gi.m)、Glomus mosseae(G.m)、Glomus intraradices(G.i)、Glomus versiforme(G.v)、Gi.m+G.m+G.i+G.v、CCN、CCN+Gi.m、CCN+G.m、CCN+G.i、CCN+G.v、CCN+Gi.m+G.m+G.i+G.v和不接种对照(CK)共12个处理。结果表明,接种AMF各处理均能降低小麦孢囊线虫侵染率、土壤中孢囊数和根内J2数量,其中Gi.m处理抑制效果最大;CCN不同程度减少AMF侵入点数和产孢数量。Gi.m和CCN+Gi.m处理的根内丛枝着生数量最多,而后者根内的超氧化物歧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著高于其他处理、丙二醛含量则显著低于其他CCN+AM真菌处理。Gi.m和G.i处理的小麦株高、地上部干重高于其他处理;Gi.m和CCN+Gi.m的处理的单穗重和单株产量均高于其他处理。表明AMF能不同程度拮抗CCN、促进小麦生长和提高产量,其中,Gi.m是高效菌种。结论认为,AMF与CCN之间存在一定相互抑制作用,AMF能通过诱导植株防御反应拮抗CCN。
In recent years, the damage to wheat (Triticum aestivum) caused by wheat cereal cyst nematodes (CCN: the main pathogen is Heterodera avenae) is becoming more and more serious, and new pathways of biocontrol should be explored. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as an environmental functional organism, has a dual role as a bio-medicinal fertilizer on host plants, and can not only promote plant absorption and utilization of nutrients, but also resist soil-borne pathogens and improve plant disease resistance. In this study, the interaction between AMF and CCN was taken as an entry point, trying to clarify the interaction between AMF and CCN, and scientifically evaluating the inhibition of CCN by different AMF to reduce the effect of disease. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse under the conditions of inoculation AMF Gigaspora margarita (Gi.m), Glomus mosseae (Gm), Glomus intraradices (Gi), Glomus versiforme (Gv), Gi.m + G.m + G.i + Gv , CCN, CCN + Gi.m, CCN + Gm, CCN + Gi, CCN + Gv, CCN + Gi.m + G.m + G.i + Gv and non-inoculated control (CK) The results showed that inoculation AMF could reduce the infection rate of wheat cyst nematode, the number of soil cytoplasm and the number of J2, of which Gi.m treatment inhibited the most; CCN to varying degrees reduce the number of AMF invasion and sporulation. Gi.m and CCN + Gi.m had the highest number of roots in the root, while the activities of superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and catalase in the latter root were significantly higher than those in other treatments, MDA content was significantly lower than other CCN + AM fungi treatment. The plant height of G.m and G.i was higher than that of other treatments. The single panicle weight and yield per plant of Gi.m and CCN + Gi.m were higher than those of other treatments. The results showed that AMF could antagonize CCN to some extent and promote the growth and yield of wheat. Among them, Gi.m is an efficient strain. It is concluded that there is a mutual inhibitory effect between AMF and CCN. AMF can antagonize CCN by inducing plant defense response.