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我们都知道暴饮暴食有害健康,但这种行为到底会对我们的身体产生多大影响?本期的“生活新主张”请来众多专家,为同学们详细讲解饮食过量的危害——假期更要注意健康,不要一直呆在空调房里狂吃零食哦!
Dr. Rita Redberg says she sees it all the time. Holidays can do that to you, says the University of California at San Francisco 1)cardiologist.
Redberg: I see it on the scales, because we’ll have a very 2)earnest talk about weight loss, and then the visit after the holidays is generally a weight gain.
When you overeat, biological changes in your body can set you up for a lifetime of overeating. Take the biological clock, an 3)innate 4)mechanism that tells you when to sleep and when to eat. Dr. Joe Bass, an 5)endocrinologist and 6)molecular biologist at Northwestern University, studies the body clock in mice. And he says when mice are overfed, their body clock changes, and not for the better.
Bass: So mice, for instance, if they eat a high-fat diet, they actually wake up during what is nighttime for them and eat. It would be as if you were waking
up every night and eating all the sweets in your
refrigerator.
All this suggests that people who eat less fat will sleep better and not engage in nighttime 7)bingeing. And the body clock’s just one of a number of changes that
occurs when we 8)overindulge.
Sasha Stiles (9)Obesity Specialist): It sets your body chemistry sort of into red alert. An 10)inordinate amount of what you eat will dump into fat storage, where it will remain as fat in your body.
And if you drink lots of icy 11)beverages with your food, it only gets worse.
Stiles: When you drink cold liquids, your stomach will start 12)contracting. And when…what that means is that it will then contract, and it will 13)massage the food that will again quickly leave your stomach to the rest of your 14)GI tract. Your stomach will be empty.
And you’ll be hungrier sooner. And if you consistently
overeat, your stomach changes, too. The 15)neurological tissue at the top of the stomach, which signals the brain when the stomach is full, starts to 16)malfunction.
Stiles: When you overeat time and time again, this
electrical 17)conduit pathway gets tired, and it doesn’t tell your brain that you’re full anymore.
So here’s some 18)food for thought. The next time you’re tempted, just think about all those biological body cycles, about your sleep cycle, your 19)metabolism, and how easily they can get disrupted by that extra piece of cake, or bunch of cookies, or juicy 20)cheeseburger.
丽塔·雷德伯格医生说,这一现象屡见不鲜。根据这位(美国)旧金山市加利福尼亚大学心脏病专家的说法,假期会带来这样的结果。
雷德伯格:我看见磅秤的结果,因为我们之前还郑重说好要减肥,但在假期后复诊时,通常都会发现病人的体重增加了。
一旦饮食过量,你体内产生的生物变化会让你一辈子暴饮暴食。以生物钟为例,这种先天机制告诉你何时该睡觉,何时该进食。乔·巴斯博士是(美国)西北大学的内分泌和分子生物学家,他在研究老鼠的生物钟。他说,当老鼠饮食过量,它们的生物钟就会发生变化,而这并不是什么好事。
巴斯:以老鼠为例,如果它们摄入高脂食物,就会在相当于其(生物钟的)夜间时分醒来吃东西。这就好像你每天晚上起来吃光冰箱里所有的甜食一样。
这一切都说明,摄入更少脂肪的人睡得更香,也不会在夜里大快朵颐。当我们放纵饮食时,生物钟只不过是由此引发的若干变化之一。
萨莎·斯泰尔斯(肥胖症专家):这就像让你的身体亮起了红灯。你摄入的过量食物会堆积成脂肪储备,变成一直留在体内的脂肪。
而如果你吃饭时喝下大量冰冻饮料,情况会更加糟糕。
斯泰尔斯:喝冷饮时,你的胃开始收缩。而当……这就意味着它会收缩起来,揉捏食物,让食物更快地离开胃部,进入接下来的胃肠道。你的胃就变空了。
你就会更快感到饥饿。如果一直暴饮暴食,你的胃也会发生变化。位于胃部顶端的神经组织会在肚子吃饱时通知大脑,但现在它也开始失灵了。
斯泰尔斯:当你一次又一次暴饮暴食,这条神经电路会渐渐疲劳,不再告知大脑你已经饱了。
所以要想清楚以下几件事:下一次当你受到诱惑时,想一想所有这些体内的生物周期、睡眠周期以及新陈代谢,想一想它们是多么容易被那块额外的蛋糕、那堆饼干或美味多汁的芝士汉堡包扰乱吧。
Dr. Rita Redberg says she sees it all the time. Holidays can do that to you, says the University of California at San Francisco 1)cardiologist.
Redberg: I see it on the scales, because we’ll have a very 2)earnest talk about weight loss, and then the visit after the holidays is generally a weight gain.
When you overeat, biological changes in your body can set you up for a lifetime of overeating. Take the biological clock, an 3)innate 4)mechanism that tells you when to sleep and when to eat. Dr. Joe Bass, an 5)endocrinologist and 6)molecular biologist at Northwestern University, studies the body clock in mice. And he says when mice are overfed, their body clock changes, and not for the better.
Bass: So mice, for instance, if they eat a high-fat diet, they actually wake up during what is nighttime for them and eat. It would be as if you were waking
up every night and eating all the sweets in your
refrigerator.
All this suggests that people who eat less fat will sleep better and not engage in nighttime 7)bingeing. And the body clock’s just one of a number of changes that
occurs when we 8)overindulge.
Sasha Stiles (9)Obesity Specialist): It sets your body chemistry sort of into red alert. An 10)inordinate amount of what you eat will dump into fat storage, where it will remain as fat in your body.
And if you drink lots of icy 11)beverages with your food, it only gets worse.
Stiles: When you drink cold liquids, your stomach will start 12)contracting. And when…what that means is that it will then contract, and it will 13)massage the food that will again quickly leave your stomach to the rest of your 14)GI tract. Your stomach will be empty.
And you’ll be hungrier sooner. And if you consistently
overeat, your stomach changes, too. The 15)neurological tissue at the top of the stomach, which signals the brain when the stomach is full, starts to 16)malfunction.
Stiles: When you overeat time and time again, this
electrical 17)conduit pathway gets tired, and it doesn’t tell your brain that you’re full anymore.
So here’s some 18)food for thought. The next time you’re tempted, just think about all those biological body cycles, about your sleep cycle, your 19)metabolism, and how easily they can get disrupted by that extra piece of cake, or bunch of cookies, or juicy 20)cheeseburger.
丽塔·雷德伯格医生说,这一现象屡见不鲜。根据这位(美国)旧金山市加利福尼亚大学心脏病专家的说法,假期会带来这样的结果。
雷德伯格:我看见磅秤的结果,因为我们之前还郑重说好要减肥,但在假期后复诊时,通常都会发现病人的体重增加了。
一旦饮食过量,你体内产生的生物变化会让你一辈子暴饮暴食。以生物钟为例,这种先天机制告诉你何时该睡觉,何时该进食。乔·巴斯博士是(美国)西北大学的内分泌和分子生物学家,他在研究老鼠的生物钟。他说,当老鼠饮食过量,它们的生物钟就会发生变化,而这并不是什么好事。
巴斯:以老鼠为例,如果它们摄入高脂食物,就会在相当于其(生物钟的)夜间时分醒来吃东西。这就好像你每天晚上起来吃光冰箱里所有的甜食一样。
这一切都说明,摄入更少脂肪的人睡得更香,也不会在夜里大快朵颐。当我们放纵饮食时,生物钟只不过是由此引发的若干变化之一。
萨莎·斯泰尔斯(肥胖症专家):这就像让你的身体亮起了红灯。你摄入的过量食物会堆积成脂肪储备,变成一直留在体内的脂肪。
而如果你吃饭时喝下大量冰冻饮料,情况会更加糟糕。
斯泰尔斯:喝冷饮时,你的胃开始收缩。而当……这就意味着它会收缩起来,揉捏食物,让食物更快地离开胃部,进入接下来的胃肠道。你的胃就变空了。
你就会更快感到饥饿。如果一直暴饮暴食,你的胃也会发生变化。位于胃部顶端的神经组织会在肚子吃饱时通知大脑,但现在它也开始失灵了。
斯泰尔斯:当你一次又一次暴饮暴食,这条神经电路会渐渐疲劳,不再告知大脑你已经饱了。
所以要想清楚以下几件事:下一次当你受到诱惑时,想一想所有这些体内的生物周期、睡眠周期以及新陈代谢,想一想它们是多么容易被那块额外的蛋糕、那堆饼干或美味多汁的芝士汉堡包扰乱吧。