中国文化具有伟大的包容精神,它是世界上少有的积极吸收外来文化的母体文化。从晚明以来,中国正经历着第二次伟大的文化吸收和融合,即学习借鉴西方文化,形成中国自己的现代文化。在这期间主要经历了三个阶段,从而使中国文化有了新的形态,新的内容。第一个阶段:从晚明万历年间到乾隆年间约三百年,是中国对西方文化的最初接触和学习。从晚明以来,中国文化和思想面临的最大问题就是如何消化经多种方式传入的西学。在明末清初之际,西 Chinese culture has great inclusiveness. It is one of the few maternal cultures in the world that actively absorbs foreign cultures. From the late Ming Dynasty, China is experiencing the second great cultural absorption and integration, that is, learning from Western culture and forming China’s own modern culture. During this period, I mainly experienced three stages, so that Chinese culture has a new shape and new content. The first stage: about 300 years from the Wanli period of the late Ming to about Qianlong, is the initial engagement and study of China with Western culture. Since the late Ming dynasty, the biggest problem facing Chinese culture and thought is how to absorb the Western learning introduced in many ways. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, West