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20世纪30年代初,碘化造影剂首次用于泌尿道造影。此后的几十年,尤其是近20年来,由于新的诊断技术的不断发展,特别是介入诊断治疗技术的广泛应用,使造影剂的临床应用越来越广泛。同时,造影剂的品种和性能也得到了不断增加和改善。目前,造影剂根据不同的分类方法可以分为水溶性和脂溶性造影剂,高粘滞性和低粘滞性造影剂,高渗、等渗和低渗造影剂,离子型和非离子型造影剂。不同物理性能的造影剂有着完全不同的临床用途,其会产生的药物不良反应也有显著不同。
In the early 1930s, iodinated contrast agents were first used in urography. After decades, especially in the past 20 years, due to the continuous development of new diagnostic techniques, especially the extensive application of interventional diagnostic techniques, the clinical application of contrast agents is becoming more and more widespread. At the same time, the variety and properties of contrast agents have also been steadily increasing and improving. At present, the contrast agent according to different classification methods can be divided into water-soluble and fat-soluble contrast agent, high viscosity and low viscosity contrast agent, hypertonic, isotonic and hypotonic contrast agents, ionic and nonionic imaging Agent. Contrast agents of different physical properties have completely different clinical uses, and the adverse drug reactions they produce can also be significantly different.