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由于快速变化的生活方式,我国糖尿病的患病率呈逐年上升趋势。糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)是糖尿病最常见、最严重的微血管病变并发症之一,并且已经成为全球终末期肾病的最常见病因。因此,早期诊断、早期治疗是延缓DN进展的重点。超声是临床评价肾脏形态、功能常用的检查方法,与血、尿实验室检查相比,具有方便、快捷、无创、经济的优势。随着科学技术的发展,越来越多的超声新技术应用于临床,极大的丰富了诊断信息。本文就各项超声检查技术在检测DN患者肾脏体积、实质回声、血流动力学改变中的应用价值作一综述。得出结论:在DN早期血、尿实验室检查正常时超声已经可以发现肾脏体积、血流动力学发生了变化。因此,超声在DN的早期诊断、动态监测病程进展方面所发挥的作用是其他检查方法所不可替代的。三维超声技术和超声弹性成像在DN患者肾脏功能评价方面有着广泛研究空间及临床应用前景。
Due to the rapidly changing lifestyle, the prevalence of diabetes in our country shows an upward trend year by year. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common and serious complications of microvascular diseases of diabetes and has become the most common cause of end-stage renal disease in the world. Therefore, early diagnosis, early treatment is to delay the progress of DN. Ultrasound is a commonly used method for clinical evaluation of kidney morphology and function. Compared with blood and urine laboratory tests, ultrasound is convenient, rapid, noninvasive and economical. With the development of science and technology, more and more new ultrasonic techniques are applied in clinic, which greatly enriched the diagnostic information. This article reviews the application of various ultrasound techniques in the detection of renal volume, substantial echo and hemodynamic changes in DN patients. Concluded that: early in the DN blood, urine laboratory tests can be normal ultrasound ultrasound volume can be found, hemodynamic changes. Therefore, the role of ultrasound in the early diagnosis of DN, dynamic monitoring of the progress of the disease is irreplaceable by other examination methods. Three-dimensional ultrasound and ultrasound elastography in the evaluation of renal function in patients with DN have extensive research space and clinical application prospects.