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研究了41个切花小菊品种的散粉特性及影响散粉量的关键指标,旨在为培育散粉少或不散粉切花小菊奠定基础。结果发现:(1)供试的切花小菊品种每花序管状花数的变化范围为85.6~320.2个,绝大多数品种单花花药数为5枚,花药含粉量变幅为0~1 017粒,花序含粉量变幅为0~807 840粒;(2)9个品种未散粉(其中8个品种的花药内有花粉,但花药不开裂,仅‘Kingfisher’一个品种花药内没有花粉),11个品种散粉量较少,9个品种散粉量中等,12个品种散粉量较多。应用聚类分析分别对各品种花药含粉量和花序含粉量进行了评价,将花粉量聚类为多、中等、少、无4类,其中,中等和少的品种占80%。试验结果表明,切花小菊散粉量不仅与花序中管状花数和花药含粉量成正比,而且与花药开裂速度和开裂程度成正比。
The characteristics of loose powder of 41 cut chrysanthemum varieties and their key indexes affecting the amount of loose powder were studied in order to lay a foundation for cultivating small chrysanthemum with little or no powder. The results showed that: (1) The range of the number of tubular flowers per inflorescence varied from 85.6 to 320.2, the majority of anther floral anther number was 5, and the anther powder content ranged from 0 to 1 017, The inflorescence content of the inflorescences varied from 0 to 807 840 grains. (2) Nine cultivars did not scatter the powder (eight of them had pollen inside the anther, but the anther did not crack, only one species of ’Kingfisher’ had no pollen in the anther), and 11 The amount of loose powder is less, the amount of loose powder of 9 varieties is medium, and the amount of loose powder of 12 varieties is more. Cluster analysis was used to evaluate the content of anther powder and inflorescence powder of each variety. The pollen quantity was clustered into more, moderate, less and no class, of which, the moderate and the less varieties accounted for 80%. The results showed that the amount of loose powder of cut chrysanthemum was not only proportional to the number of tubular flowers and the amount of anther contained in the inflorescence, but also directly proportional to the rate of anther cracking and the degree of cracking.