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对燃煤电厂征收碳税是一种有效实现减排目标的经济手段,但势必会增加电厂生产成本,导致电价上涨,损害社会整体利益。通过建立燃煤电厂碳税二级优化模型,第一级优化模型将燃煤电厂利润最大化作为目标函数,考虑到负荷、机组出力和碳排放等约束条件;第二级优化模型将社会福利最大化作为目标函数,以第一级模型的KKT条件作为约束,对燃煤电厂引入排放绩效,按照总量控制原则分配碳排放指标。算例分析表明,对燃煤电厂征收碳税以及实行排放绩效约束,可以促进节能减排;非线性优化互补求解方法的使用,能够有效处理多目标问题,计算结果准确有效。
Carbon taxation on coal-fired power plants is an economic measure to effectively achieve the emission reduction targets. However, it is bound to increase the production costs of power plants, resulting in rising electricity prices and undermining the overall social interests. By establishing a second-level carbon tax optimization model for coal-fired power plants, the first-level optimization model takes the profit maximization of coal-fired power plants as an objective function, taking constraints such as load, unit output and carbon emissions into account. The second- As an objective function, taking the KKT condition of the first-level model as a constraint, we introduce emission performance into coal-fired power plants and allocate carbon emission targets according to the principle of total quantity control. The case study shows that the carbon tax levied by coal-fired power plants and the performance constraint can promote energy conservation and emission reduction. The use of nonlinear optimization and complementary solution can effectively deal with the multi-objective problems, and the calculation results are accurate and effective.