防砂是指在井的生产寿命期内在不使用控砂装置情况下存在可以接受的出砂风险。本文讨论了优化防砂射孔参数 (相位、孔密和射孔弹类型 )的一些方法。以前进行的研究显示射孔孔道破裂后造成了出砂。为了成功防砂 ,有必要在流量变化 (压差 )、应力衰减和出水过程中保持孔道稳定。已有的能使孔道不出砂的射孔方法可以分为以下几种类型 :理论模型、实验方法和历史技术。推荐使用深穿透的射孔弹 ,因为它能产生较小孔径的射孔孔道 ,比大孔径射孔弹产生的大直径射孔孔道要稳定。射孔孔道最佳相位能在所给井筒半径和孔密的三维空间内使相邻孔道之间距离最大化 ,防止相邻孔道周围破裂的区域连在一起。北海Magnus油田的数据证明 ,这两种方法最大程度地减少了出砂量。如果地层应力对比很大 ,而且知道应力方向 ,可以使用定向射孔增加孔道的稳定性 (特别是在压差增加、油藏衰竭的情况下 )。 Sand control means that there is an acceptable risk of sand production without the use of a sand control unit during the life of the well. This article discusses some ways to optimize sand-control perforation parameters (phase, orifice, and perforation types). Previous studies have shown that perforation of the channel ruptures sand. In order to successfully prevent sand, it is necessary to keep the cell stable during flow changes (pressure drops), stress decay and water outflow. There are several perforation methods that can make the channel not sands, including the following theoretical models, experimental methods and historical techniques. It is recommended that a deep penetrating projectile be used because it produces a smaller aperture perforation that is more stable than the larger diameter perforation produced by a large aperture projectile. The optimal phase of the perforation tunnel maximizes the distance between adjacent tunnels in the three-dimensional space of the given wellbore radius and hole density, preventing the areas that break around the adjacent tunnels from joining together. The North Sea Magnus data show that both methods minimize sand production. If the formation stresses are large and the direction of stress is known, directional perforation can be used to increase the stability of the cell (especially with increased pressure differential and reservoir failure).