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目的:观察罗哌卡因肋间神经阻滞联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇和罗哌卡因肋间神经阻滞联合镇痛泵在儿童肋软骨切取术后镇痛效果，为儿童术后镇痛提供参考。方法:2017年1月至2020年1月，广东省第二人民医院整形科将123例小耳畸形患儿分为试验组57例，男36例，女21例，年龄(9.06±2.92)岁和对照组66例，男42例，女24例，年龄(9.38±3.17)岁。试验组采用罗哌卡因肋间神经阻滞联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇进行术后镇痛，对照组采用罗哌卡因肋间神经阻滞联合镇痛泵进行术后镇痛。术后2、6、12、24、48、72 h评估患儿在静息和咳嗽时的疼痛状态，记录观察期内患儿补充镇痛次数，是否出现药物不良反应。结果:两组患儿在术后2、6、12、24、48、72 h疼痛数字评分在静息状态和咳嗽时比较，差异无统计学意义(均n P>0.05)，补充镇痛次数差异无统计学意义(n P＝0.40)。试验组不良反应发生率少于对照组(n P＝0.01)。n 结论:罗哌卡因肋间神经阻滞联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇是儿童肋软骨切取术后简单、便捷的镇痛方法，值得临床应用。“,”Objective:To compare the analgesic effects of ropivacaine intercostal nerve block combined with ketorolac tromethamine and that with analgesia pump in children that undergone costal cartilage removal, and to provide a reference for clinical postoperative analgesia in children.Methods:123 children with microtia in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were divided into experimental group (n n=57, 36 males and 21 females, age: 9.06±2.92 years) and control group (n n=66, 42 males and 24 females, age: 9.38±3.17 years). The experimental group received ropivacaine intercostal nerve block combined with ketorolac tromethamine for postoperative analgesia, and those in the control group received ropivacaine intercostal nerve block combined with analgesic pump. The pain status of the patients at rest and when coughing was evaluated at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72h after operation, respectively and the times of supplementary analgesia and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions in the observation period were recorded.n Results:The differences in the numeric rating scale of resting and coughing between the two groups at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after operation were not statistically significant (n P>0.05), and the difference in the times of supplementary analgesia had no statistical significance (n P=0.40). The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (n P=0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in pain intensity evaluated (n P>0.05), and supplemental analgesics (n P=0.40). The incidence of adverse drug reactions in group A was lower than that in group B (n P=0.01).n Conclusions:Ropivacaine intercostal nerve block combined with ketorolac tromethamine is a simple and convenient analgesic method for children that undergone costal cartilage removal and it is worth to clinical application.