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ABO血型是生活中最常见、运用最广泛的遗传性状之一。人类ABO血型由I~A、I~B和i3个复等位基因决定,它们负责编码不同的糖基转移酶,进而决定3种血红细胞表面抗原。ABO血型涉及复等位基因、基因互作、单核苷酸多态(SNP)、基因演化等多个关键知识内容,是理想的遗传学教学案例。本文以ABO血型为研究对象,对遗传学实验进行了创新与整合。首先,在分子遗传学模块中建立了新颖的ABO血型基因分型方法:基于SNP位点设计特异性引物,通过实时定量PCR鉴定基因型;其次,在群体遗传学模块中创新了基因演化的实验教学方法,开发群体遗传学软件,利用计算机模拟不同条件下ABO血型决定基因频率的演化趋势。这些教学改革举措旨在丰富遗传学实验内容,拓展教学手段,提高学习效率。
ABO blood group is one of the most common and widely used genetic traits in life. The human ABO blood group is determined by the complex alleles I-A, I-B, and i3, which encode different glycosyltransferases, which in turn determine the three red blood cell surface antigens. ABO blood group is involved in multiple alleles, gene interactions, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), gene evolution and other key knowledge content, is an ideal teaching case of genetics. In this paper, ABO blood type as the research object, genetic experiments on innovation and integration. Firstly, a novel ABO genotyping method was established in the molecular genetics module: specific primers were designed based on SNP loci, and genotypes were identified by real-time quantitative PCR; secondly, experiments on gene evolution were popularized in the population genetics module Teaching methods, the development of population genetics software, the use of computer simulation of ABO blood group under different conditions the evolution of the frequency of genes. These teaching reform initiatives aim to enrich the contents of genetics experiments, expand teaching methods and improve learning efficiency.