智能落后(Mental Retardation,MR)是遍及全世界的严重危害儿童身心健康的一大疾患,也是一个严重的社会问题。长期以来,人们认为MR主要由生物学因素引起,而忽视了社会心理因素。随着医学模式的转变和对小儿智能发育规律及其影响因素的深入研究,发现社会心理因素对小儿智能发育影响重大。现发现,绝大多数MR均与社会心理因素有不同程度的关系,尤其是轻度MR。据估计,全世界2/3以上的轻度MR由不良的社会心理因素引起,如母爱剥夺、环境剥夺、缺乏应有的 Mental Retardation (MR) is a serious disease that seriously affects the physical and mental health of children throughout the world. It is also a serious social problem. For a long time, people think that MR mainly caused by biological factors, while ignoring the social and psychological factors. With the change of medical model and the in-depth study on the law of intellectual development of children and its influencing factors, it is found that social psychological factors have a great impact on the intellectual development of children. Now found that most of the MR and psychosocial factors have different degrees of relationship, especially mild MR. It is estimated that more than two-thirds of all MMRs in the world are caused by undesirable psychosocial factors such as maternal love deprivation, environmental deprivation, lack of due