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目的评估扬州市沿江地区血吸虫病传播的潜在风险,为江滩地区传播阻断后监测体系的构建提供依据。方法在扬州市沿江的广陵、邗江、江都、仪征和开发区5个区(市)开展水体血吸虫感染性、水上流动传染源、江滩保虫宿主和野粪污染情况调查,评估和分析江滩地区血吸虫病传播阻断后的潜在传播因素与风险特征。结果 2015年,在扬州市沿江地区确定15个重点水域,共投放哨鼠1 500只,饲养后总存活率为99.33%;解剖哨鼠1 490只,未查到阳性哨鼠。共检查水上流动人员5 576名,未查到粪检阳性病人;共检查家畜3 566头(只),其中牛171头、羊1 895只、猪1 500头,未查到病畜。2016年1-3月在8块江滩共投放3 200只鼠夹,在6块江滩捕获野鼠62只,野鼠捕获率为1.94%,未发现感染血吸虫的野鼠;在7块江滩检获新鲜野粪35份,其中牛粪11份、羊粪17份、狗粪2份、其他野粪5份,分别占31.43%、48.57%、5.71%和14.29%,对检获的野粪进行检测,未查出阳性野粪。结论扬州市沿江地区血吸虫病传播风险较低,但江滩放养的牛、羊等家畜粪便所致污染是疫情发生的重大隐患。
Objective To evaluate the potential risk of schistosomiasis transmission in the coastal area of Yangzhou City and provide the basis for the construction of monitoring system after the blockade of transmission in Jiangtan area. Methods The investigation of schistosomiasis infection, the source of floating water, the host of infestations and the stool pollution in the five districts (cities) of Guangling, Qijiang, Jiangdu, Yizheng and development zones along the Yangtze River in Yangzhou City was carried out to assess and analyze the riverbanks Potential transmission factors and risk characteristics after schistosomiasis transmission in regions. Results In 2015, 15 key water areas were identified along the Yangtze River in Yangzhou City. A total of 1 500 sentinels were delivered. The total survival rate after rearing was 99.33%. There were 1 490 dissected oestrus rats, but no positive ones were detected. A total of 5 576 floating people were examined. No positive stool samples were detected. A total of 3 566 livestock were examined, of which 171 were cattle, 1 895 sheep and 1 500 pigs. No sick animals were detected. In January-March 2016, a total of 3,200 rattrap cells were deployed on 8 river banks, 62 wild-type mice were captured on 6 riverbanks, and the wild-rat capture rate was 1.94%. No wild-type mice were found infected with schistosomes. 35 cases of wild manure, of which 11 were cow dung, 17 sheep feces, 2 dog feces, 5 other wild feces, accounting for 31.43%, 48.57%, 5.71% and 14.29% respectively, Detected positive wild feces. Conclusion The risk of schistosomiasis transmission is low in the coastal areas of Yangzhou City. However, the pollution caused by the excrement of cattle and sheep stocked on river banks is a serious hidden danger of the epidemic.