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为揭示菊黄东方鲀幼鱼转食过程中营养特点,提高转食期成活率,采用生化分析手段对驯化转食前、中、后的菊黄东方鲀幼鱼生长和全鱼脂肪酸组成及含量进行了检测和分析。结果显示,菊黄东方鲀幼鱼在驯化完全转食配合饲料后,呈现出体质量的生长补偿现象。驯化前幼鱼的肥满度最高(10.02),在驯化中最低(5.43),驯化后肥满度有显著恢复(6.00)。幼鱼摄食配合饲料后,全鱼的干物质含量明显升高。在菊黄东方鲀驯化转食前、中、后阶段的干样中检出8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、7种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和12种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)。从百分含量上看,幼鱼驯化转食过程中,C16:0含量最高且稳定(21.26%~23.81%),C18:0含量显著下降,C16:1和C18:1n9c含量显著上升;C22:6n3(DHA)含量较丰富(11.95%~13.05%),且呈现略微降低;C20:5n3(EPA)在驯化中略微下降,驯化后又略有上升;C22:5n3(DPA)呈现显著降低。SFA的比例相对稳定(38.13%~42.52%),MUFA的比例呈现显著上升趋势,但PUFA的比例(特别是∑n3PUFA)呈现显著下降趋势。值得注意的是,配合饲料的C18:2n6c含量特别高(21.29%),但摄食配合饲料的幼鱼体内的C18:2n6c含量非常低(2.47%);相反,配合饲料的C16:1含量特别低(3.87%),但摄食配合饲料的幼鱼体内的C16:1含量较高(9.25%)。研究表明菊黄东方鲀幼鱼后期对n3PUFA(特别是DHA和EPA)有较高的需求量,但不需要过多的C18:2n6c,部分的C16:1需要从其他营养物质转化过来。为提高菊黄东方鲀幼鱼驯化转食配合饲料过程中成活率,建议:(1)幼鱼驯化转食前,加强投喂活体饵料,特别是富含n3PUFA的海水桡足类;(2)幼鱼驯化转食的配合饲料中加大DHA和EPA的添加量,同时减少C18:2n6c比例、增加C16:1的比例。
In order to reveal the nutritional characteristics of juvenile Chrysanthemum morifolium and to improve the survival rate during the feeding period, biochemical analysis was used to analyze the fatty acid composition and the content of juvenile Chrysanthemum morifolium before, during and after food conversion The detection and analysis. The results showed that the juveniles of Chrysanthemum morifolium had a compensatory growth of body weight after domestication and complete feeding of feedstuffs. The pre-acclimated juvenile fish had the highest plumpness (10.02), the lowest acclimation (5.43), and a significant recovery after domesticated (6.00). After feeding juvenile feed, the dry matter content of whole fish significantly increased. Eight kinds of saturated fatty acids (SFA), seven kinds of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and twelve kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were detected in the dried samples before, during and after the domestication of Chrysanthemum morifolium. The content of C16: 0 and the content of C18: 1n9c in C12: 0 were significantly higher than that in C12: 6n3 (DHA) was abundant (11.95% ~ 13.05%), and showed a slight decrease. C20: 5n3 (EPA) decreased slightly during acclimation and slightly increased after domestication. C22: 5n3 (DPA) showed a significant decrease. The proportion of SFA was relatively stable (38.13% -42.52%). The proportion of MUFA showed a significant upward trend, but the proportion of PUFA (especially Σn3PUFA) showed a significant decline. It is noteworthy that the C18: 2n6c content of the compound feed was particularly high (21.29%), but the C18: 2n6c content of the compound feed was very low (2.47%); on the contrary, the compound C16: 1 content was particularly low (3.87%), but the content of C16: 1 in juvenile fish fed diets was higher (9.25%). Studies have shown that juvenile Chrysanthemum Juveniles late n3PUFA (especially DHA and EPA) have a higher demand, but do not need too much C18: 2n6c, part of the C16: 1 need to be transformed from other nutrients. In order to improve the survival rate of domestication and feed conversion of juvenile Chrysanthemum morifolium, it is suggested that: (1) Before domestication of juvenile fish, the live bait, especially n3PUFA-rich seawater copepods should be strengthened; (2) Fish domestication fed diets increased DHA and EPA additions, while reducing the proportion of C18: 2n6c, increasing the proportion of C16: 1.