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信息化水平的不断提高直接带来了数据中心耗电量的急剧增加。数据机房不同于一般的公共建筑,考虑到隔热、隔湿及洁净度的要求,即使在冬季也需供冷降温。而在满足散热需求的前提下,最大限度利用自然冷源则是降低空调能耗的最有效方法。但目前自然冷源的利用中常出现受环境影响大、节能效率低等问题,热管式散热器能将室内外空气完全隔绝,具有启动温差小、体积小、安装灵活等优点,在机房节能中有很大的应用潜力。以节能和良好的环境适应性为目标,对数据机房应用分离式热管的被动式散热方式进行了理论分析。以本学科工程领域现有技术为基础,理论分析了应用分离式热管的意义及优势,定义了分离式热管蒸发段及冷凝段的换热效率,建立了数据机房应用分离式热管散热系统的理论分析模型,以某名义排热量为30 kW的管翅式换热器为例,研究换热效率随风量的变化关系,得出分离式热管散热下可运行的最高允许室外温度、全年运行时间、功耗及全年节电量等关键参数。以某一30 kW冷负荷数据机房为模型进行CFD软件模拟,获得了采用分离式热管散热器的机房内部温度场分布,并与普通空调进行了比较。针对室外温度下降所引起的室内侧送风温度过低问题,提出减小室外侧风量的具体改进措施。利用理论模型设计分离式热管换热系统蒸发段和冷凝段,提出可根据热负荷及实际机房灵活配置,建设成本低,有效适应机房现有散热系统的方法。主要结论如下:(1)分离式热管散热器应用于数据机房散热,换热效率随着风量增加而减小,分离式热管散热器应用于数据机房散热,换热效率随着风量增加而减小,但可利用室外冷源的温度升高,可利用室外冷源的时间也随之增加,可根据换热器及所在地区设计最佳风量。(2)分离式热管散热下风量较大时,机柜进风温度比普通空调散热更为均匀,机房内热环境更好,可减少机房内局部热点。(3)若风量不变,分离式热管散热器蒸发段送风温度随室外温度降低,并有可能低于机房送风的标准温度。可通过减小室外侧风量使室内蒸发段出风温度满足数据机房送风温度,同时散热器的能效也可进一步提高。
The continuous improvement of the level of information directly brought about a drastic increase in data center power consumption. Data room different from the general public buildings, taking into account the requirements of insulation, moisture and cleanliness, even in winter also need to cool cooling. And to meet the cooling needs of the premise, to maximize the use of natural cold source is to reduce air conditioning energy consumption the most effective way. However, the use of natural cold source often appear in the environment by the large, low efficiency and other issues of energy saving, heat pipe radiator can be completely isolated indoor and outdoor air, with a small start-up temperature, small size, flexible installation, etc., Great potential for application. With energy saving and good environmental adaptability as the goal, the paper analyzes the passive cooling mode of the separated heat pipe in data room. Based on the existing technology in the field of engineering discipline, this paper analyzes the significance and advantages of using separate heat pipe in theory, defines the heat transfer efficiency of the evaporating section and the condensing section of the separated heat pipe, and establishes the theory of applying separate heat pipe cooling system in data room. Analysis model of a tube-fin heat exchanger with a nominal heat output of 30 kW is taken as an example to study the relationship between the heat transfer efficiency and the air volume, and the maximum allowable outdoor temperature under the heat dissipation of the separate heat pipe is obtained. Time, power consumption and annual energy saving and other key parameters. Taking a 30 kW cooling load data room as a model, the CFD software simulation was carried out, and the temperature field distribution in the engine room with separate heat pipe radiator was obtained and compared with the conventional air conditioner. In view of the problem of the indoor air supply temperature caused by the drop of the outdoor temperature, a specific improvement measure to reduce the outdoor air volume is proposed. The theoretical model is used to design the evaporating section and the condensing section of the separate heat pipe heat transfer system. The method can be flexibly configured according to the heat load and the actual computer room, and the construction cost is low, so as to effectively adapt to the existing cooling system in the computer lab. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The separate heat pipe radiator is applied to the data room cooling, the heat transfer efficiency decreases with the increase of the air volume, the separate heat pipe radiator is applied to the data room cooling, the heat transfer efficiency decreases with the air volume increase , But can take advantage of outdoor cold source temperature increases, the availability of outdoor cold source also increases the time, according to the design of the heat exchanger and the best air volume. (2) When the amount of air flow in the heat pipe with separate heat pipes is large, the temperature of air entering the cabinet is more uniform than that of ordinary air conditioners, and the thermal environment in the equipment room is better, which can reduce local hot spots in the equipment room. (3) If the air volume remains unchanged, the supply air temperature of the evaporating section of the separate heat pipe radiator decreases with the outdoor temperature and may be lower than the standard temperature of the air supply of the engine room. By reducing the outdoor side of the air volume so that the indoor evaporation section of the air temperature to meet the data room air supply temperature, while the radiator energy efficiency can be further improved.