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目的分析南京市强化免疫前后麻疹的发病趋势及其流行病特征,为制定麻疹防控措施提供科学依据。方法对南京市麻疹强化免疫活动前后的2008、2009和2010年麻疹发病率进行分析,评价强化免疫活动的效果,探讨影响麻疹流行特征的相关因素。结果南京市2008、2009、2010年麻疹发病数分别为382例、478例和44例。发病率为4.94/10万、6.34/10万和0.61/10万。2010年麻疹发病率比上两年分别下降87.65%、90.37%。麻疹发病有明显季节性,发病主要集中在每年的3～5月,发病率分别为2.41/10万、4.27/10万和0.21/10万,7、8、9月麻疹发病会增加。麻疹发病以﹤8月龄的散居儿童和≥15岁的服务业、学生、工人为主。2010年麻疹发病率显著降低的县(市)区有下关(100%)、高淳(100%)、建邺(96.58%)和雨花(96.44%)。结论麻疹疫苗强化免疫可以降低人群的易感性,达到快速控制麻疹发病,降低麻疹发病率。
Objective To analyze the trend and epidemic characteristics of measles before and after intensive immunization in Nanjing and provide a scientific basis for making measles prevention and control measures. Methods The incidence of measles in 2008, 2009 and 2010 before and after the measles immunization campaign in Nanjing was analyzed to evaluate the effect of intensive immunization and the related factors that affected the epidemiological characteristics of measles. Results The incidence of measles in Nanjing in 2008, 2009 and 2010 were 382, 478 and 44 respectively. The incidence rates were 4.94 / 100,000, 6.34 / 100,000 and 0.61 / 100,000. The incidence of measles in 2010 decreased by 87.65% and 90.37% respectively over the previous two years. The incidence of measles was obviously seasonal. The incidence mainly concentrated in March to May of each year. The incidence rate was 2.41 / lakh, 4.27 / lakh and 0.21 / lakh respectively. The incidence of measles in July, August and September increased. The incidence of measles is mainly for diaspora <8 months old children and service workers, students and workers ≥15 years old. There are Xiaguan (100%), Gaochun (100%), Jianchu (96.58%) and Yuhua (96.44%) in the counties (cities) where the incidence of measles was significantly reduced in 2010. Conclusion Measles vaccine-boosted immunization can reduce the susceptibility of the population to achieve rapid control of the incidence of measles and reduce the incidence of measles.