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爆炸焊接是应用爆炸载荷使基板和复板面复合的固相连接技术,将镁合金和纯铝复合形成层状复合材料有望拓宽镁合金的应用。本文通过爆炸焊接成功地实现了AZ31镁合金和1060纯铝的面复合,应用光学显微镜(OM),扫描电镜(SEM),透射电镜(TEM)及电子式万能试验机和维氏硬度计对AZ31/1060结合界面处的显微组织、成分分布、力学性能进行测试和分析。结果表明,应用爆炸焊接技术可以使AZ31镁合金和1060纯铝的焊合率达到99.4%;结合界面成波形结构,爆炸焊接过程中,界面处发生元素扩散;随着到界面距离的增加,镁合金的显微组织逐渐从形变带过渡到细晶区再转变为拉长晶粒区,远离界面的组织以等轴晶为主;AZ31/1060爆炸复合板抗拉强度为175 MPa,延伸率为3.3%,剪切强度为62.2 MPa,在拉伸断裂过程中镁合金先断裂然后纯铝断裂,结合界面处不发生开裂;界面处镁合金一侧存在高硬度区,厚度约为200μm。
Explosive welding is a solid-state connection technique that uses explosive load to composite the substrate and the composite plate. It is expected that the application of magnesium alloy and pure aluminum to form the layered composite material will broaden the application of the magnesium alloy. In this paper, the AZ31 magnesium alloy and 1060 pure aluminum were successfully fabricated by explosion welding. The surface morphology of AZ31 magnesium alloy and AZS ceramic was characterized by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), electronic universal testing machine and Vickers hardness tester / 1060 combined with the interface at the microstructure, composition distribution, mechanical properties for testing and analysis. The results show that the weldability of AZ31 magnesium alloy and 1060 pure aluminum can reach 99.4% by using explosive welding technology. When the bonding interface becomes a wave structure, element diffusion occurs at the interface during explosive welding. As the distance to the interface increases, The microstructure of the AZ31 / 1060 explosive composite plate gradually transformed from the deformation zone to the fine grain zone and then to the elongated grain zone. The microstructure of AZ31 / 1060 explosive composite plate was mainly composed of equiaxed grains. The tensile strength of AZ31 / 3.3%, and the shear strength is 62.2 MPa. During the tensile fracture process, the magnesium alloy breaks first and then the pure aluminum breaks, and the cracking at the bonding interface does not occur. There is a high hardness zone on the magnesium alloy interface at the interface with a thickness of about 200 μm.