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目的探讨肺动脉栓塞的临床表现、诊断和治疗方法,以提高诊治的有效率。方法回顾性分析医院收治的52例肺动脉栓塞患者的临床资料,并对其临床症状、辅助检查、治疗及预后进行分析。结果肺动脉栓塞的基础病多为下肢静脉炎、创伤、手术史,临床症状表现为呼吸急促、胸膜炎性胸痛、心动过速、气喘、咯血及痰中带血等,患者误诊率为50%,心电图、X线胸片D-二聚体、肺动脉造影等检查手段有助于临床诊断,抗凝治疗有效率为84.62%。结论肺动脉栓塞临床症状表现各异、误诊率高,必须综合分析,及时完善相关辅助检查以明确诊断和系统治疗,以提高诊治有效率。
Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism in order to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical data of 52 patients with pulmonary embolism admitted in the hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical symptoms, auxiliary examination, treatment and prognosis were analyzed. Results The most common underlying diseases of pulmonary embolism were phlebitis, trauma and operation history of lower extremities. Clinical symptoms manifested as shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, tachycardia, asthma, hemoptysis and bloody sputum. The misdiagnosis rate was 50%. The electrocardiogram , X-ray D-dimer, pulmonary angiography and other tests can help clinical diagnosis, the effective rate of anticoagulant therapy was 84.62%. Conclusions The clinical manifestations of pulmonary embolism are different, the rate of misdiagnosis is high, we must comprehensively analyze and promptly improve the relevant auxiliary examination to confirm the diagnosis and systematic treatment to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment.