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为提高山西忻府区测土配方施肥质量,2006—2010年对该区7582个土壤样品进行分析,研究该区测土配方施肥实施以来土壤养分状况及其影响因素。结果表明,测土配方施肥工作开展以来,土壤肥力比二次土壤普查时明显提高,但速效磷含量自2008年逐步降低,由2008年的23.99 mg/kg降到2010年的12.53 mg/kg;2006年以后,有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾高含量土壤的比例均明显增加,但2010年土壤碱解氮和速效钾高含量土壤比例有所降低;潮土区有机质(14.45 g/kg)和速效磷含量(17.83 mg/kg)显著高于褐土区(14.15 g/kg和14.88 mg/kg),但速效钾含量(136.59 mg/kg)显著低于褐土(141.35 mg/kg);高海拔地区土壤肥力呈现出明显的逐年降低趋势;土壤类型、海拔等自然因素对忻府区土壤养分状况有显著影响,应综合考虑这些因素的影响,调整推荐施肥方案。在秸秆还田基础上,对低肥力土壤,特别是高海拔地区土壤,进行具有针对性的增施氮、磷、钾肥的措施,培肥地力。
In order to improve soil testing and fertilizer quality of Xinfu District in Shanxi Province, soil samples from 7582 soil samples from 2006 to 2010 were analyzed to study the status of soil nutrients and their influencing factors after the implementation of soil testing and formula fertilization. The results showed that soil fertility was significantly higher than that of the second soil survey since the soil testing and fertilizer application. However, the content of available phosphorus decreased gradually from 2008 to 23.3 mg / kg in 2010 to 12.53 mg / kg in 2010. After 2006, the ratios of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly increased, but the proportion of soil high content of soil available nitrogen and available potassium decreased in 2010. The organic matter (14.45 g / kg) and available phosphorus (17.83 mg / kg) were significantly higher than those in the cinnamon soil (14.15 g / kg and 14.88 mg / kg) mg / kg). Soil fertility at high altitudes showed a declining trend year by year. Natural factors such as soil type and altitude had a significant effect on soil nutrient status in Xinfu District. The effects of these factors should be taken into account to adjust the recommended fertilization scheme. On the basis of returning straw to soil, the soil with low fertility, especially the soil in high altitude areas, should be targeted with the measures of increasing N, P and K fertilizers and soil fertility.