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在现代爆破技术中,爆破是按能量-物质-时间关系来设计和分析的。炸药的能量是用计算和分析推导出来的,而有效能量的工作潜力则用数值表示。爆破的物质是由爆破(物料)的几何形状和岩石密度来测定的。时间也是一个有关的参数,因为完成破碎过程的三个主要阶段都需要时间。为了成功地应用爆破参数,必须了解破碎过程的基本机理。把岩石的物理-机械特性、局部构造地质、炸药的热力学特性组合在一起,建立一个爆破的计算机模型,可以用它分别地预测每个参数的结果,以及用实际数值表示任一参数变化的预计程度。已开始一项长期科研项目,为加拿大和外国尽可能多的矿山建立一套岩石特性“数据库”。计算机模型已经成功地在岩石体积不变情况下,用于预测改变炮孔间隔与最小抵抗线之比(S/B)的影响。当 S/B 的比值提高到2～2.5时,爆破效果得到大大改善。高速摄影已用于确定从爆破开始时(零时)到岩体开始移动的时间。其结果有助于确定多排孔爆破所需的最短和最佳延发时间。本文所叙述的研究结果,现已被充分验证,它比以前那种根据装药系数和依靠人为的估计方法显然是优越的。
In modern blasting technology, blasting is designed and analyzed in terms of energy-matter-time relationship. Explosive energy is calculated and analyzed, while the working potential of effective energy is expressed numerically. The material exploded is determined by the geometry of the blasting (material) and the density of the rock. Time is also a relevant parameter, as the three main stages of the crushing process take time. In order to successfully apply the blasting parameters, it is necessary to understand the basic mechanism of the crushing process. Combining the physical-mechanical properties of rocks, the geology of local tectonics and the thermodynamic properties of explosives, a computer model of a blasting is constructed that can be used to predict the outcome of each parameter separately and to predict the change in either parameter with the actual values degree. A long-term research project has started to establish a database of rock properties for as many mines in Canada and abroad as possible. Computer models have been successfully used to predict the effect of changing the ratio of borehole clearance to the line of least resistance (S / B) with constant rock volume. When the S / B ratio increased to 2 ~ 2.5, the blasting effect has been greatly improved. High-speed photography has been used to determine the time from the start of blasting (zero hour) until the rock mass begins to move. The results help to determine the shortest and best extension times required for multi-row hole blasting. The results of the study described in this article are now fully validated, and it is clearly superior to the previous one based on the charge coefficient and the artificial estimation method.