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通过设计不同的灌溉处理,从叶片水平、群体水平和产量水平3个层次系统分析了冬小麦水分利用效率(WaterUseEfficiency,WUE)的变化特点及其内在联系。结果表明:叶片水平WUE或蒸腾效率(TranspirationEfficiency,TE)是群体蒸散效率基础;气孔运动机制及光合作用和蒸腾作用对环境变化响应的差异是叶片水平WUE的生理基础;而产量水平WUE是群体蒸散效率与收获指数共同决定的。随耗水量的增加,叶片光合速率、群体干物质积累及籽粒产量都呈二次曲线增长趋势,结果使叶片水平WUE和群体WUE呈线性降低,而产量水平WUE呈二次曲线趋势先增加后降低。冬小麦不同层次水分利用效率高低及其随作物耗水的变化存在较大差异。
Through the design of different irrigation treatments, the characteristics of the changes of WUE and its internal relations were systematically analyzed from three levels: leaf level, population level and yield level. The results showed that leaf level WUE or transpiration efficiency (TE) was the basis of population evapotranspiration. The differences of stomatal movement mechanism and photosynthesis and transpiration responses to environmental changes were the physiological basis of leaf-level WUE. Efficiency and harvest index jointly decide. With the increase of water consumption, leaf photosynthetic rate, population dry matter accumulation and grain yield showed a trend of quadratic curve. The results showed that the leaf WUE and population WUE decreased linearly while the yield level WUE showed a trend of quadratic curve first and then decreased . The levels of water use efficiency at different levels of winter wheat and their changes with crop water consumption are quite different.