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水痘是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒(Varicella-Zoster Virus,VZV)引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病,初次感染VZV引起水痘,之后VZV可长期潜伏在脊髓神经节,病毒再激活可引起带状疱疹。虽然大多数水痘病人预后良好,但仍有多种严重的并发症可导致患者死亡。现今我国尚未将水痘减毒活疫苗纳入儿童免疫规划,水痘在我国儿童中时有爆发或流行。现就水痘的病原体特征、临床表现、诊断方法、流行病学和预防策略等做简要综述。
Chickenpox is an acute respiratory disease caused by Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV). The initial infection with VZV causes chickenpox. Afterwards, VZV can lurk in the spinal ganglion for a long time. Reactivation of the virus can cause shingles . Although most chickenpox patients have a good prognosis, there are still many serious complications that can lead to death. At present, our country has not yet incorporated the live attenuated varicella vaccine in childhood immunization programs. Chickenpox is either outbreak or epidemic among children in our country. The pathogens of chickenpox characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, epidemiology and prevention strategies are briefly reviewed.