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本工作以改进八倍体小黑麦与六倍体小黑麦的经济性状为目的,对60个杂交组合 F_1的田间出苗率、结实率、杂种后代的性状分离、新类型的形成以及细胞遗传的若干问题进行了探讨,观察到 F_1田间出苗率、结实率以八倍体为母本的杂交组合显著好于以六倍体为母本的杂交组合。由于杂种是普通小麦、硬粒小麦、黑麦三个物种种质的再度组合,后代分离复杂,出现一些新性状,选择的机率大。分析几个以八倍体小黑麦为母本的稳定品系,看到农艺性状、种子饱满度较六倍体小黑麦有较大的改进,用 Giemsa C 带技术对22个稳定的六倍体小黑麦类型的染色体构成进行分析,其中17个 R 组齐全,4个缺2R,1个缺2R、3R、4R,说明八倍体小黑麦与六倍体小黑麦杂交,R 组染色体是有变化的,有的被 D 组染色体代换。某些株系的黑麦染色体端部异染色质有丢失或削减,这种现象与结实率、种子饱满度是否有关,尚需作进一步观察。
In this work, we aimed to improve the economic traits of octagonal triticale and hexaploid triticale. The effects of sprouting, seed setting rate, segregation, new type formation and cytogenetic Some of the problems were discussed. It was observed that the cross combination of seedling emergence rate and seed setting rate of F_1 field was significantly better than that of the hexaploid parent line. Because the hybrid is a combination of common wheat, durum wheat and rye germplasm again, the separation of the offspring is complex and some new traits appear. The probability of selection is high. Analyzing several stable lines with octoploid tritree as female parent, we found that agronomic traits, seed fullness had a greater improvement than hexaploid triticale, with the stability of Giemsa C with 22 stable six-fold Chromosome composition of body triticale type was analyzed. Among them, 17 R groups were complete, 4 were missing 2R, 1 were missing 2R, 3R, 4R, which indicated that tachyplenium octogeny was crossed with hexaploid triticale. Chromosomes are changed, and some were replaced by the D group of chromosomes. Some lines of rye chromosome heterochromatin loss or reduction of the end, this phenomenon is not related to the seed setting rate, seed fullness, the need for further observation.