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佝偻病是婴幼儿最常见的营养缺乏病之一,大家都知道这与维生素D的缺乏有关,也与婴幼儿接触太阳光少有关,因而它的发病情况,在我国是北方高,南方低,最北的黑龙江省发病率可达80%以上,而在南方诸省发病却明显地降低。为什么婴幼儿最容易患佝偻病呢?这要从两方面来考查:一方面是婴儿在头一年内生长迅速,所需要的各种营养素均增加很多,当然维生素D的需要也增加。而维生素D又是促进骨骼生长和钙、磷吸收的维生素,缺乏它就必然影响骨骼生长而发生佝偻病。另一方面是婴儿获得的维生素D少。婴儿获得维生素D的来源一是母乳或牛奶;二是晒太阳时由自己的皮下7一脱氢胆固醇合成而获得。秋季出生的婴儿,很少晒到太阳,再加上玻璃可以阻挡太阳光中的紫外线,所以在室内晒太阳是不利于维生素D的合成的。
Rickets is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies of infants and young children, we all know that this is related to the lack of vitamin D, but also infants and young children with little exposure to sunlight, so its incidence in our country is high in the north, low in the south The incidence of Heilongjiang Province in the north can reach more than 80%, but the incidence in the southern provinces has obviously decreased. Why are infants and young children most likely to suffer from rickets? This should be examined from two aspects: on the one hand, the rapid growth of infants within the first year, all kinds of nutrients required are increased, of course, the need for vitamin D also increased. And vitamin D is to promote bone growth and absorption of calcium and phosphorus vitamins, lack of it will inevitably affect the growth of bones and rickets. On the other hand, babies get less vitamin D. The first source of vitamin D for infants is breast milk or milk; second, it is obtained from the synthesis of subcutaneous 7-dehydrocholesterol during the sun. Autumn-born babies, rarely sun to the sun, plus the glass can block the sun’s ultraviolet rays, so indoors sun is not conducive to the synthesis of vitamin d.