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目的探讨重力因素对心肌细胞的影响。方法通过建立的乳鼠心肌细胞长期动态培养模型，利用回转器模拟失重效应。结果模拟失重可抑制心肌细胞功能，导致心肌细胞收缩力减弱，搏动频率减慢，搏动节律异常，自回转的第３～７天，其心肌收缩力分别减弱２６．１％，３１．８％，５７．５％，６７．４％和８０．６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；其搏动频率分别减少２２．４％，４８．７％，７６．６％，８９．２％，９６．４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；从回转的第４天起，心肌细胞团出现搏动节律异常现象，最终发展为９０．４％的心肌细胞团停止搏动。回转停止后，部分心肌细胞的搏动功能可逐步自行恢复，自回转停止的第３～７天，其恢复搏动的心肌细胞团分别为０．９５％，５．９％，１６．０％，２３．９％和３８．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；而离心超重则可使心肌细胞收缩力明显增强，离心２～８天，其收缩力分别增加１１．２％，４０．４％，８０．２％，７７．６％，６９．０％，７５．６％（Ｐ＜０．０５），并维持正常搏动频率和搏动节律正常。结论重力因素能直接作用并影响体外培养的心肌细胞功能，提示失重或模拟失重引起心脏功能的退行性变化可能与重力因素对心肌细胞的直接影响作用有关。
Objective To investigate the effect of gravity on cardiomyocytes. Methods The long-term dynamic model of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was established and the rotator was used to simulate the effect of weightlessness. Results Simulated weightlessness could inhibit the function of cardiomyocytes and lead to the weakening of contractility, slowing of pulsating pace and abnormal rhythm of pulsation. The contractile force of myocardium decreased 26.1% and 31.8% respectively from the 3rd to 7th day after revolving, 57.5%, 67.4% and 80.6% respectively (P <0.05). The pulsation frequency decreased by 22.4%, 48.7%, 76.6%, 89.2% and 96.4% respectively % (P <0.05). From the fourth day after revolving, there was an abnormality of pulsating rhythm in the myocardial cell mass, and finally the cardiomyocyte mass in 90.4% of the rats stopped pulsing. After the rotation stopped, some cardiomyocytes pulsation function can gradually self-recovery, from the third to the seventh day of recovery, the cardiomyocyte cardioversion recovery pulse were 0.95%, 5.9%, 16.0%, 23 .9%, and 38.7%, respectively (P <0.05); while over-centrifugation could significantly increase the contractility of cardiomyocytes, and the contractile force increased by 11.2% and 40.4% 80.2%, 77.6%, 69.0% and 75.6%, respectively (P <0.05), and maintained the normal pulsatile frequency and pulsatile rhythm. Conclusion The gravitational factors can directly affect the function of cardiomyocytes cultured in vitro, suggesting that the degenerative changes of cardiac function caused by weightlessness or simulated weightlessness may be related to the direct effect of gravitational factors on cardiomyocytes.