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权利失效规则是权利行使违反诚实信用原则的一项禁止权利滥用制度。该规则之适用构成,在主观方面表现为权利人之怠惰和义务人之确信,在客观方面表现为权利人有自相矛盾行为和义务人作出了信赖投资。我国司法实践在合同解除权之行使领域已经开始援引权利失效规则判案,但其适用领域尚有待于拓展至所有物返还请求权、共有物分割请求权等领域。我国立法有必要继受和构建起权利失效制度,并应于未来民法典之总则篇以专条形式确立该项制度。
The invalidation of rights rule is a prohibition of abusing of rights system in violation of the principle of good faith. The applicable constitution of the rule, manifested in the subjective aspect as laziness of the obligee and the conviction of the obligor, objectively shows that the obligee has self-contradictory behaviors and the obligor has made the trust investment. Judicial practice in our country has begun to invoke the judgment of the invalidation of rights clause in the field of exercise of the contractual right of termination, but its application is yet to be extended to such fields as the right to request for the return of belongings and the request for the sharing of common property. It is necessary for our legislation to inherit and construct the system of the invalidation of rights and should be established in a special form in the general provisions of the future civil code.