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目的了解贵州省少数民族地区乙肝防治知识、态度、行为现状,并分析三者关联性,为制定相应策略提供理论依据。方法采用自行设计的乙肝流行病学调查问卷,包括基本情况、乙肝相关知识、态度行为和获取健康教育途径,在贵州省少数民族地区随机抽取两个县共2 414人进行问卷调查,均数比较采用Z检验、KruskalWallis H秩和检验,率的比较采用χ~2检验,并用秩相关进行关联性分析。结果乙肝防治知识总知晓率为22.56%,不同问题的知晓率差异较大,在5.14%~54.85%之间,知识平均得分为3(0,8),不同特征人群得分的差异均有统计学意义(均有P<0.05);总积极态度率为36.27%,平均得分为3(2,4),总正确行为率为46.35%,得分为4(3,5),不同特征人群的积极态度率和正确行为率差异均有统计学意义(均有P<0.05),且文化程度越高,积极态度率和正确行为率也越高;经秩相关分析,三者间有正相关关系(均有P<0.05)。结论贵州省少数民族地区知晓率偏低,应针对不同年龄、不同民族开展多种形式的乙肝知识宣传,引导其养成良好健康的态度和行为习惯。
Objective To understand the knowledge, attitude and behavior of hepatitis B prevention and control in ethnic minority areas in Guizhou Province and to analyze the correlation between the three in order to provide a theoretical basis for formulating corresponding strategies. Methods The self-designed hepatitis B epidemiology questionnaire, including basic information, relevant knowledge of HBV, attitude and behavior and access to health education, were randomly selected from 2 414 counties of two counties in Guizhou Province to conduct a questionnaire survey. Using the Z test, KruskalWallis H rank sum test, rate comparison using χ ~ 2 test, and rank correlation for correlation analysis. Results The total awareness rate of prevention and treatment of hepatitis B was 22.56%. The awareness rate of different problems varied greatly from 5.14% to 54.85%, and the average score of knowledge was 3 (0, 8). There were statistically significant differences (P <0.05). The total positive attitude was 36.27%, the average score was 3 (2,4), the total correct behavior rate was 46.35%, the score was 4 (3,5), and the positive attitude of different characteristic groups (P <0.05), and the higher the educational level, the higher the positive attitude rate and the correct behavior rate. The rank correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between them P <0.05). Conclusion The awareness rate of ethnic minority areas in Guizhou Province is low. Various forms of hepatitis B knowledge publicity should be conducted for different ages and ethnic groups to guide them to develop good and healthy attitudes and behavior habits.